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EnglishLiterature—VictorianPeriod成员：刘薇罗若晨伍昕宇蔡乔伊TheVictorianPeriod（1836-1901）•IntroductionoftheVictorianPeriod•CriticalRealism（批判现实主义）•Neo-Romanticism（新浪漫主义）•Aestheticism（唯美主义）IntroductionoftheVictorianPeriod•TheearlyVictorianPeriod(1832--1854),thetimeoftroubles•TheReformBill&ChartismMidVictorianPeriod(1855—1879),atimeofeconomicprospering,highestpointofdevelopmentasaworldpower•LastPeriod(1880—1902),atimecharacterizedbydecayofVictorianvalues(e.g.Self-control,familyloyalty,thrift,hardwork,etc)•ChartistMovement(1836-1848)CriticalRealism•inthe1840sandtheearly1850s•givingthecriticismtobourgeoisieandallrulingclasses,andshowingtheirdeepsympathyforthecommonpeople•didnotfindawaytoeradicatesocialevils.unabletofindagoodsolutiontothesocialcontradictions•thechieftendencyintheirworksisnotofrevolutionbutratherofreformism.PoetsandPoetry1.excelledatpenningshortlyrics:InthevalleyofCauteretz,Break,break,break,TheChargeoftheLightBrigade,Tears,idletearsandCrossingtheBar.2.Muchofhisversewasbasedonclassicalmythologicalthemes3.Tennysonalsowrotesomenotableblankverse:IdyllsoftheKing,Ulysses,andTithonus.4.Duringhiscareer,Tennysonattempteddrama,buthisplaysenjoyedlittlesuccessinhislifetime.AlfredTennyson(1809–1892)Ulysses（尤利西斯）Hereliestheport;thevesselpuffshersail海港就在那边，船儿已经扬帆，Theregloomthedarkbroadseas.Mymariners大海沉沉，朦胧一片。我的水手们——Soulsthathavetoil'd,andwrought,andthoughtwithme—与我同辛劳、同工作、同思想的人Thateverwithafrolicwelcometook他们总是高高兴兴去迎接Thethunderandthesunshine,andopposed雷电和阳光，Freehearts,freeforeheads—youandIareold;并用自由的心与头颅来抗争，——Oldagehathyethishonourandhistoil;你们和我都已老了，但老年Deathclosesall:butsomethingeretheend,仍有老年的荣誉、老年的辛劳；Someworkofnoblenote,mayyetbedone,死亡终结一切，但在终点前NotunbecomingmenthatstrovewithGods.我们还能做一番崇高的事业，使我们配称为与神斗争的人NovelistsandNovelseaknessofcriticalrealism.CharlesDickens(1812-1870)1.HeisoneofthegreatestcriticalrealistwritersoftheVictorianAge2.Hisworksareintendedtoexposeandcriticizeallthepoverty,injustice,hypocrisyandcorruptnessofthe19th-centuryEngland,particularlyLondon.3.AllhisworksarecharacterizedbyaminglingofhumorandpathosmajorworksATaleofTwoCities《双城记》DavidCopperfield《大卫·科波菲尔》DombeyandSon《董贝父子》GreatExpectations《远大前程》OliverTwist《雾都孤儿》HardTimes《艰难时世》TheOldCuriosityShop《老古玩店》PickwickPapers《匹克威克外传》ATaleofTwoCities•Itwasthebestoftimes,itwastheworstoftimes,itwastheageofwisdom,itwastheageoffoolishness...•TaketheFrenchRevolutionasthebackground•Dickensrecognizedthatthearrivalofrevolutionarythoughtisinevitable;butwhentherevolutioncomes,bringsmanyhorriblesituationsandbloodyscenes,heturnedagainsttherevolution.Dickens'sattitudefromtheoriginalrevolutiontolaterdenyrecognitiontoformagreatcontrast,butthereisaconsistentstandard:thatisopposedtoviolenceandkillingofinnocentGreatExpectations•depictingPip'seducationanddevelopmentthroughadversityashediscoversthetruenatureofhis'greatexpectations'.•loyaltyandconsciencearemoreimportantthansocialadvancement,wealthandclass.•greatexpectationnotmeansmoney,luxuriouslifeprovidedbyothers.Itmaybethefurtherstudy,arespectabledegree,agoodjoborsomethingelse.Butwemustknowthatourfutureandgreatexpectationmustbemasteredbyourown.NovelistsandNovelseaknessofcriticalrealism.ThomasHardy（1840-1928）1.Heisagreatpoetandagreatcriticalandnaturalisticnovelist2.HealsocametoquestionandattackVictorianmorals.3.Hisnovelsrevealaprofoundpessimisticsenseofhumansubjectiontofateandcircumstance4.MostofhisnovelsaresetinWessex,afictionalprimitiveregion.Theseworksareknownas“novelsofcharacterandenvironment.”majorworksTessoftheD’urbervilles《德伯家的苔丝》TheReturnoftheNative《还乡》JudetheObscure《无名的裘德》FarfromtheMaddingCrowd《远离尘嚣》TheMayorofCasterbridge《卡斯特桥市长》Dynasties《列王》NovelistsandNovelseaknessofcriticalrealism.JosephConrad1.Hisexperienceasasailormadetheseahisfavoritetheme.2.HisworksareconcernedwiththenatureandeffectsofEuropeanimperialism,botheconomicandcolonial.majorworksHeartsofDarkness《黑暗的心灵》LordJim《吉姆爷》NovelistsandNovelseaknessofcriticalrealism.WilliamMakepeaceThackerayHeisoneofthemostimportantwritersoftheEnglishcriticalrealism.majorworksVanityFair《名利场》NovelistsandNovelseaknessofcriticalrealism.TheBronteSisters1.Charlotte1816-1855JaneEyre《简爱》2.Emily1718-1849WutheringHeights《呼啸山庄》3.Anne1820-1849AgnesGrey《阿格尼斯·格雷》Dynasties《列王》NovelistsandNovelseaknessofcriticalrealism.JaneAusten1.oneofthegreatrealisticnovelistsinEnglishliteratureinthe19thcentury2.Sheinsistedthatahappymarriageshouldbebasedontruelove.3.Herwritingstyleispeculiarandherthoughtisexceedinglyspecial.1：《理性与感性》（SenseandSensibility)2：《傲慢与偏见》（PrideandPrejudice）3：《曼斯菲尔德庄园》（MansfieldPark）4：《爱玛》（Emma）5：《诺桑觉寺》（NorthangerAbbey）PrideandPrejudice•InPrideandPrejudice,Austendescribedfourkindsofmarriages.Andeverymarriageisareflectionofsociallifeandculturebackground.Inaddition,onherpoint-view,peopleinhertimescould'ttakenonoticeofcharacterinmarriage.Tobehonest,truelovecandefinitelylayasolidfoundationinpeople'marriage.Butotherfactors,suchas,propertyandsocialstatusshouldbetakenintoconsideration.Itisafactthatquiteafewmodernpeopleholddifferentviewsagainsthers.Theyaremoreandmorerealist.NovelistsandNovelseaknesso