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小学英语语法大全-时态一、一般现在时1、定义：表示经常发生或习惯性的动作、状态。句中通常有usually，often，everyday，sometimes，always，atweekends，onSundays等表示经常性时间的短语。2、构成：1）当谓语是be动词时，一般现在时的构成：主语＋be动词＋其他如：Iamastudent.HeisJim’sfather.TheyarefromJapan.2）当谓语是行为动词时，一般现在时的构成：①主语（非第三人称单数）＋动词原形＋其他如：IoftenwatchTVattheweekends.MrGreenandMrsGreenlikecollectingstamps.②主语（第三人称单数）＋动词的第三人称单数形式＋其他如：JimusuallyvisitshisgrandparentsonSundays.Shesometimesgoestotheparkwithhermother.3、动词三单形式的变化规则：①一般情况下，直接加s如：read-reads，swim-swims②以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾，加es如：wash-washes，watch-watches，do-does③以辅音字母＋y结尾，变y为i，再加es如：study-studies，fly-flies④不规则变化如：have-has4、一般现在时的句型转换：肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答TheywatchTVeveryday.Theydon’twatchTVeveryday.—DotheywatchTVeveryday?—Yes,theydo./No,theydon’t.ShewatchesTVeveryday.Shedoesn’twatchTVeveryday.—DoesshewatchTVeveryday?—Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.二、现在进行时1、定义：表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。句中常有now，look，listen等词。如：Iamwashingclothesnow.Look!LiuTaoisclimbingthetree.Listen!Janeissinginginthemusicroom.2、构成：be动词（am/is/are）+动词现在分词（V-ing）3、动词现在分词构成：①一般是在动词原形后加ing如：read-reading，drink-drinking，eat-eating，look-looking②以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加ing如：write-writing，make-making，ride-riding，take-taking③以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写这个字母，再加ing如：sit-sitting，swim-swimming，put-putting，run-running，stop-stopping，get-getting，begin-beginning，jog-jogging，forget-forgetting4、动名词其实就是动词的现在分词，它既有名词性质（可作主语），又有动词性质（可带宾语）。如：AskingthewayMyhobbyiscollectingstamps.Heisgoodatskating.5、现在进行时的句型转换：肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答Heisrunningnow.Heisn’trunningnow.—Isherunningnow?—Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.Theyaremakingapuppet.Theyaren’tmakingapuppet.—Aretheymakingapuppet?—Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.三、一般过去时1、定义：表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：amomentago，justnow，yesterday，lastweek，thismorning等。如：Mybrotheroftenwenttoschoolbybikelastterm.Thewatchwasbesidethediaryamomentago.IwatchedthemoonandatethemooncakeslastMid-AutumnFestival.Jimwenttothesupermarketyesterday.2、构成：主语＋动词的过去式＋其他3、动词过去式的变化规则：①一般在动词原形末尾加ed如：play-played，listen-listened，look-looked②结尾是e的动词，加d如：live-lived，like-liked，taste-tasted③辅音字母＋y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加ed如：study-studied，carry-carried，cry-cried④末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写这个辅音字母，再加ed如：stop-stopped，plan-planned⑤不规则变化如：am/is-wasare-werehave/has-haddo-didgo-wentsit-sattell-toldsee-sawget-gotmake-madegive-gaveread-readbuy-boughtcome-camedraw-dreweat-atefly-flewmeet-metput-putrun-ransay-saidsing-sangswim-swamtake-took4、一般过去时的句型转换肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答HewatchedTVyesterday.Hedidn’twatchTVyesterday.—DidhewatchTVyesterday?—Yes,hedid./No,hedidn’t.Theyplayedgamesjustnow.Theydidn’tplaygamesjustnow.—Didtheyplaygamesjustnow?—Yes,theydid./No,theydidn’t.第15讲一般将来时1、定义：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，以及打算、计划或准备某事。句中一般含有表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrowmorning，nextweek，thisafternoon等表示将来的时间状语。2、构成：①begongto+动词原形如：IamgoingtoseeaBeijingoperatomorrow.Wearegoingtomeetatbusstopathalfpastten.DadandIaregoingtoseeaBeijingoperathisafternoon.②will+动词原形如：Theywillgoswimmingthisafternoon.3、begoingto和will区别：①begoingto表示经过事先安排、打算或决定要做的事情，基本上一定会发生；will则表示有可能去做，但不一定发生，也常表示说话人的临时决定。如：Iamgoingtotakepartinapartythisevening.Theyarecleaningthelibrarynow.I’llgoandjointhem.②begoingto表示近期或眼下就要发生的事情；will表示的将来时间则较远一些。如：Heisgoingtowritealettertomorrow.Iwillmeetheroneday.③begoingto还可以用来表示有迹象表明某件事将要发生，常用于天气等自然现象。如：Look!It’sgoingtorain.4、一般将来时句型转换：肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答Sheisgoingtohaveapicnictomorrow.Sheisn’tgoingtohaveapicnictomorrow.—Isshegoingtohaveapicnictomorrow?—Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.Theywillgoswimmingthisafternoon.Theywillnot(won’t)goswimmingthisafternoon.—Willtheygoswimmingthisafternoon?—Yes,theywill./No,theywon’t.