龙文教育学科教师辅导讲义(第讲)学生姓名:课题祈使句教学目标祈使句的学习重点、难点祈使句的反义疑问句;考点及考试要求1.考查祈使句的肯定式、否定式及其反义疑问句;2.考查祈使句的回答;教学内容祈使句一.祈使句的句式特征祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时,在祈使句前或句末可加上please,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不能与情态动词连用。例如:Keepoffthegrass!勿踩草地!Puttheboxesinthesmallroom.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。1.肯定的祈使句(1)动词原形+其他Standup,please.=Pleasestandup.请起立。(2)Be+adj.Becareful!=Lookout!=Takecare!小心/当心!(3)Let's+动词原形Let’sgotoschooltogether.咱们一起上学去吧。2.否定的祈使句(1)Don't+动词原形Never+动词原形Don'tstandup.别站起来。Don'tbecareless.别粗心。Don'tletthemplaywithfire.别让他们玩火。(2)Let's(letsb.)+not+动词原形Let'snotsayanythingaboutit.对于这件事,咱们什么也别说。Letthemnotplaywithfire.别让他们玩火。3.祈使句的反意疑问句(1)肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用willyou或won'tyou。Pleaseopenthedoor,will/won’tyou?请把门打开,好吗?(2)否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用willyou。Don'tbelateagain,willyou?别再迟到了,行不行?(3)以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shallwe。Let'sturnontheTV,shallwe?我们把电视打开,好吗?特别注意只有以let's开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用shallwe,而letus开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为willyou或won'tyou.如:Letusstayhere,will/won'tyou?请(你)让我们留在这好吗?4.在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用『No+名词/V-ing形式』结构,表示『禁止做某事』。例如:NOPHOTOS!禁止拍照!5.祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:一是『形式一致』,即Yes与will保持一致;No与won’t保持一致。二是『意思相反』,即Yes是『不』的意思;No是『是』的意思。在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如:---Don’tgoout,please.It’srainingheavilyoutside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。----Yes,Iwill.Ihavetomeetmybrotherattheairport.不行,我得去机场接我弟弟。6.祈使句与陈述句的并列使用祈使句后接陈述句时,须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时,要用并列连词and来连接;如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时,要用并列连词or来连接。例如:LeaveitwithmeandIwillseewhatIcando.把它留给我吧,我想想有没有办法。Hurryup,orwe’llbelate.快点,否则我们要迟到了。七.祈使句与条件状语从句的连用祈使句与条件状语从句连用时,条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。例如:Tellhimtomakeaphonecalltomeifhecomesheretomorrow.如果他明天来这儿的话,叫他给我来个电话。八.祈使句的强调形式祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义)。例如:Doshutup!快住口!九.特殊形式的祈使句在英语中,有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句,而是以一个名词短语来充当,且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上,这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。例如:Morewaterandtheyoungtreescouldn’thavedied.=Ifyouhadgiventhemmorewater,theyoungtreescouldn’thavedied.如果你给那些小树多浇点水,他们就不会死了。十.运用祈使句的误区祈使句往往容易与不定式、分词或条件状语从句相混淆。在平时的练习或测试中,如果稍不留神,就会出错。因此,要认真审题,认真分析句子结构,并根据上下文语境,作出正确判断。例如:___________yourcompositioncarefully,somespellingmistakescanbeavoided.A.HavingcheckedB.CheckC.IfyoucheckD.Tocheck析:如果空白处选填B(Check)项,则视为祈使句,但后一分句前没有并列连接词and连接;如选A或D项(分词或不定式),句中逻辑主语somespellingmistakes又不能执行这个动作,故均不符合句子结构。因此,只有C项(条件状语从句)符合句子结构及句意。祈使句考题集锦(1)一、单项选择1.TheTVistooloud.Please________.A.turnitdownB.toturnitdownC.turndownitD.toturndownit2._______lateagain,Bill!A.Don'ttobeB.Don'tbeC.NotbeD.Benot3._______crosstheroaduntilthetrafficlightsturngreen.A.NotB.Won'tC.Doesn'tD.Don't4.Pleasehelpmecarryit,______?A.willIB.willyouC.shallID.shallwe5.Don'tmakesomuchnoise,______?A.willyouB.won'tyouC.shallweD.doyou6.Doyouknowthegirl______underthetree?A.standB.tostandC.standingD.stood7.Kate,_______yourhomeworkheretomorrow.A.bringB.bringsC.tobringD.bringing8.________methetruth,orI'llbeangry.A.TellingB.TotellC.ToldD.Tell9.I'vekeptthedog_______Maomaoforalongtime.A.NameB.namedC.namingD.toname10.Don'tyouknowthat_______isgoodforourhealth?A.swimB.swimmingC.swamD.swims二、句型转换11.Willyoupleasereaditagainmoreslowly?(改为祈使句)__________againmoreslowly,please.12.Ifyoudon'tlistentome,I'llgo.(改为同义句)__________me,orI’llgo.13.Let'swatchthesportsgames.(改为反意疑问句)Let'swatchthesportsgames,__________?14.Theteachersoftentellthestudentsnottobecareless.(改为祈使句)__________careless,please.15.PleasesitnexttoNancy.(改为否定句)__________nexttoNancy.16.Don'tforgettoturnoffthelights,please.(改为反意疑问句)Don'tforgettoturnoffthelights,__________?17.Ifyoumove,you'lldie.(改为同义句)__________,oryou'lldie.18.Cometomyhousetomorrow.(改为反意疑问句)Cometomyhousetomorrow,__________?19.这是一个坏了的被子。(翻译句子)Thisisa____________.20.让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧。(翻译句子)Let’sgoandhelpthe__________,please.参考答案1-5.ABDBA6-10.CADBB11.Readit12.Listento13.shallwe14.Don’tbe15.Don’tsit16.willyou17.Don’tmove18.will/won’tyou19.brokenglass/cup20.cryinggirl祈使句考题集锦(2)一、将以下祈使句改为否定式:1.Comehereearly.2.Askhim.3.Pleasewaitforher.4.Readthebookcarefully.5.Situnderthetree,please.6.Let’sgotheretogether.二、选择最佳答案填空:1.Ifyouaretired,______arest.A.haveB.havingC.tohaveD.had2.______mego.Itisveryimportantforme.A.DoletB.letdoC.DoingletD.Todolet3.Heisnothonest.______believehim.A.NotB.Don’tC.TonotD.Notto4.Ifyouwanttostay,letmeknow,______?A.willyouB.shallweC.doyouD.dowe5.Nevercomelateagain,______?A.willyouB.won’tC.doyouD.doeshe6._____upearlytomorrow,oryoucan’tcatchthetrain.A.GettingB.GetC.TogetD.Got7._____inthestreet.It’sdangerous.A.NotplayB.NottoplayC.Don’tplayD.Don’ttoplay8.Please______mesomemoney,willyou?A.lendB.lendingC.tolendD.belend9.Thefilmisabouttobegin.Please______seated.A.beB.areC.isD.being10._____theboxes.Youmayusethemlater.A.KeepB.KeepingC.TokeepD.Kept祈使句考题集锦(3)I.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.It’sanimportantmeeting.__________(not,be)late.2.____________(not,make)anynoise!Yourmotherissleeping.3.____________(not,speak)withyourmouthfulloffoodand____________(be)polite.4.____________(not,talk)and____________(read)aloud.5.____________(not,leave)yourhomeworkfortomorrow,Larry.6.____________(look)out!Acariscoming.7.____________(give)ustenyearsandjustseewhatourcou