Unit-4-A-View-of-Mountains-Teaching-plan综合教程四

1UNIT4AVIEWOFMOUNTAINSTeachingObjectives1)Masterthefollowingkeywordsandexpressions:dispatch,constitute,inexistence,technicallyspeaking,brandwith,forgood,inaflash,comeintoitsown,hangover,spare,notsomuchAasB,intact,onceandforall.2)Mastertheuseofhistoricpresenttenseandcomparativeformsofadjectives.3)Analyzethestructureandrhetoricalfeaturesofthetextandgetthemessageofthetext.4)Beabletotalkaboutnuclearthreatandkeepingworldpeace.Warm-upActivitiesDiscussthefollowingquestionsasthelead-intothetext.1)Whatdoyouthinkisthegreatestthreattotheexistenceofmankind?2)Whyarewesoconcernedaboutnuclearweapons?CulturalBackground1.AtomicBombAtomicbomborA-bombisaweaponderivingitsexplosiveforcefromthereleaseofatomicenergythroughthefission(splitting)ofheavynuclei.ThefirstatomicbombwasproducedatalaboratoryinLosAlamos,NewMexico,andsuccessfullytestedonJuly16,1945.ThiswastheculminationofalargeU.S.armyprogramthatwaspartoftheManhattanProject.Itbeganin1940,twoyearsaftertheGermanscientistsOttoHahnandFritzStrassmandiscoverednuclearfission.OnAug.6,1945,anatomicbombwasdroppedonHiroshimawithanestimatedequivalentexplosiveforceof12,500tonsofTNT,followedthreedayslaterbyasecond,morepowerful,bombonNagasaki.Bothbombscausedwidespreaddeath,injury,anddestruction,andthereisstillconsiderabledebateabouttheneedtohaveusedthem.2.NuclearWeaponNuclearweaponsareweaponsofmassdestructionpoweredbyatomic,ratherthanchemical,processes.Nuclearweaponsproducelargeexplosionsandhazardousradioactivebyproductsbymeansofeithernuclearfissionornuclearfusion.AfterWorldWarII,theproliferationofnuclearweaponsbecameanincreasingcauseofconcernthroughouttheworld.Attheendofthe20thcenturythevastmajorityofsuchweaponswereheldbytheUnitedStatesandtheformerSovietUnion;othercountriesthatpossessknownnuclearcapabilitiesaretheGreatBritain,France,China,Pakistan,andIndia.Israelalsohasnuclearweaponsbuthasnotconfirmedthatfactpublicly;NorthKoreahasconductedanucleartestexplosionbutprobablydoesnothaveareadilydeliverable2nuclearweapon;andSouthAfricaformerlyhadasmallarsenal.Overadozenothercountriescan,orsooncould,makenuclearweapons.3.TheBombingofHiroshimaandNagasakiOnAugust6,1945,thefirstatomicbombattackoccurredoverHiroshima,Japan.Threedayslater,onAugust9,Nagasaki,Japanwasbombed.ThebombingofNagasakiwasthelastmajoractofWorldWarIIandwithindays,onAugust15,1945,theJapanesesurrendered.Inestimatingthedeathtollfromtheattacks,thereareseveralfactorsthatmakeitdifficulttoarriveatreliablefigures:inadequaciesintherecordsgiventheconfusionofthetimes,themanyvictimswhodiedmonthsoryearsafterthebombingasaresultofradiationexposure,andnotleast,thepressuretoeitherexaggerateorminimizethenumbers,dependinguponpoliticalagenda.Thatsaid,itisestimatedthatbyDecember1945,asmanyas140,000haddiedinHiroshimabythebombanditsassociatedeffects.InNagasaki,roughly74,000peoplediedofthebombanditsaftereffects.Inbothcities,mostofthecasualtieswerecivilians.TheintentionalkillingofciviliansbytheAlliesofWorldWarII－whoclaimedthattheircausewasjust—raisedmoralquestionsaboutthejustcourseofthewar.TextIAVIEWOFMOUNTAINSJonathanSchellGlobalReadingI.GeneralanalysisofthetextThroughintroducingYamahata’spictures,theauthoraimsatbringingtopeople’sattentionwhatkindofcatastrophicconsequencesnuclearthreatmayleadtoandthattheunpredictabilityofnuclearattackmightmakeanycityintheworldbecomethenexttarget.Therefore,theonlywaytokeepthisworldsafefromnuclearperilisforpeopletotakeactiontodispelnuclearweaponryfromtheearth.II.StructuralanalysisofthetextThisargumentativeessaydescribesnucleardestructionthroughaJapanesephotographer’spictures.Thetextcomprisesthreeparts.PartI(Paragraph1):thewriterdescribesthephotographsandhowaviewofmountainsinthebackgroundofonepicturepowerfullycaptureshowthoroughlythecitywasdestroyedbytheatomicbomb.PartII(Paragraphs2–3):theauthorarguesthatthebombingofNagasakiismorerepresentativeofthenuclearperilthreateningtheworldthanthatofHiroshima,because3itsuggeststhatnuclearweaponscanbeusedagainandthreateneveryone,soweneedtotakeactiontodispelthenuclearthreatfromtheEarth.PartIII(Paragraph4):herestateshismainidea,i.e.weshouldnotjustworryaboutthenuclearperilbuttakeactiontoeliminateittocreateasaferworld.III.RhetoricalfeaturesofthetextInEnglish,informationcanbeorganizedinvariousways.Oneoftheeffectivewaysofemphasizingsomeinformationistoputitafterthewordbutinthe“(not)AbutB”structure.Inthetext,theauthorusesthisrhetoricaldevicemanytimes.Forinstance,Thephotographsdisplaythefateofasinglecity,buttheirmeaningisuniversal...(Paragraph2)DetailedReadingQuestions1.Whyisaviewofmountainsprovidedbyapicturesosignificantthatitwaschosenasthetitleoftheessay?(Paragraph1)Answer:Aviewofmountainsinthedistanceratherthanthewreckageismeanttoremindtheviewerofthecitythatwasleveledtothegroundbytheatomicbombandofthenormallifethatwouldhavebeengoingonthere.Thisiswherethesignificanceofthepicturelies.2.WhyareYamahata’spicturesstillnews?(Paragraph2)Answer:BecauseitwasthefirsttimethatAmericanshadeverseenthepicturessincetheatomicbombingfiftyyearsago.3.Inwhatway(s)isthebombingofNagasakithefittersymbolofthenuclearda