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高考英语题型解题导——阅读理解推理判断题A文化习俗(2010·全国卷Ⅱ·E)Howwordscameintobeingisunknown.Allweassume(推测)isthatsomeearlymeninventedcertainsounds,inonewayoranother,toexpressthoughtsandfeelings,actionsandthings,sothattheycouldtalkwitheachother.Latertheyagreeduponcertainsigns,calledletters,whichcouldbeputtogethertoshowthosesounds,andwhichcouldbewrittendown.Thosesounds,whetherspokenorwritteninletters,arecalledwords.Thepowerofwords,then,liesintheirassociations—thethingstheybringuptoourminds.Wordsbecomefilledwithmeaningforusbyexperience;andthelongerwelive,themorecertainwordsbringbacktousthehappyandsadeventsofourpast;andthemorewereadandlearn,themorethenumberofwordsthatmeansomethingtousincreases.Greatwritersarethosewhonotonlyhavegreatthoughtsbutalsoexpressthesethoughtsinwordswhichhavepowerfuleffectsonourmindsandfeelings.Thiscleveruseofwordsiswhatwecallliterarystyle(文体).Aboveall,therealpoetisamasterofwords.Hecanexpresshismeaninginwordswhichsinglikemusic,andwhichbytheirpositionandassociationcanmovementotears.Weshouldthereforelearntochooseourwordscarefullyandusethemcorrectly,ortheywillmakeourspeechsillyandcommon.【语篇导读】文字是怎样产生的呢？这一直不被人所知。大多数人士认为它与早期人类发明的某种发音有关。你了解文字表达对我们人类的作用与意义吗？1.Welearnfromthetextthatlanguagemighthavebegunwith______.A.expressionsB.actionsC.signsD.sounds【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Allweassumeisthatsomeearlymeninventedcertainsounds...”可知，文字的起源可能最初来自于声音。2.WhatismainlydiscussedinParagraph2?A.Thelearningofnewwords.B.Theimportanceofoldwords.C.Therelationofhumanexperiencewithwords.D.Thegradualchangeanddevelopmentofwords.【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“...liesintheirassociations—thethingstheybringuptoourminds.”可知，文字是人们之间相互联系的主要方式。3.Inthelastparagraph,whatdoestheauthorsuggestthatweshoulddo?A.Usewordsskillfully.B.Makemusicalspeeches.C.Learnpoemsbyheart.D.Associatewithlisteners.【解析】选A。推理判断题。最后一段作者主要讲述了对文字的应用。对它的使用应准确生动，否则会使我们的讲话普通而可笑。B自然世界(2010·新课标全国·C)AlongtheriverbanksoftheAmazonandtheOrinocotherelivesabirdthatswimsbeforeitcanfly,flieslikeafatchicken,eatsgreenleaves,hasthestomachofacowandhasclawsonitswingswhenyoung.Theybuildtheirhomesabout4.6mabovetheriver,animportantfeature(特征)forthesafetyoftheyoung.Itiscalledthehoatzin.Inappearance,thebirdsofbothsexeslookverymuchalikewithbrownonthebackandcreamandredontheunderside.Theheadissmall,withalargesetoffeathersonthetop,brightredeyes,andblueskin.Itsnearestrelativesarethecommonbirds,cuckoos.Itsmoststrikingfeature,though,isonlyfoundintheyoung.Babyhoatzinshaveaclawontheleadingedgeofeachwingandanotherattheendofeachwingtip.Usingthesefourclaws,togetherwiththebeak(喙),theycanclimbaboutinthebushes,lookingverymuchlikeprimitivebirdsmusthavedone.Whentheyounghoatzinshavelearnedtofly,theylosetheirclaws.DuringthedriermonthsbetweenDecemberandMarchhoatzinsflyabouttheforestingroupsof20to30birds,butinApril,whentherainyseasonbegins,theycollecttogetherinsmallerlivingunitsoftwotosevenbirdsforproducingpurposes.【语篇导读】文章向我们介绍了生活在亚马逊河岸的一种鸟的外貌特征及生活习性。4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Hoatzinsindryandrainyseasons.B.Therelativesandenemiesofhoatzins.C.PrimitivebirdsandhoatzinsoftheAmazon.D.Theappearanceandlivinghabitsofhoatzins.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。文章主要从hoatzins的外形特点及生活习性进行描述，因此D项正确。5.Younghoatzinsaredifferentfromtheirparentsinthat_____.A.theylooklikeyoungcuckoosB.theyhaveclawsonthewingsC.theyeatalotlikeacowD.theyliveonriverbanks【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第三段中Whentheyounghoatzinshavelearnedtofly,theylosetheirclaws.可知B正确。6.Whatcanweinferaboutprimitivebirdsfromthetext?A.Theyhadclawstohelpthemclimb.B.Theycouldflylongdistances.C.Theyhadfourwingslikehoatzins.D.Theyhadaheadwithlongfeathersonthetop.【解析】选A。推理判断题。由第三段中的“Usingthesefourclaws,togetherwiththebeak，theycanclimb...primitivebirdsmusthavedone.”可推出A正确。7.Whydohoatzinscollecttogetherinsmallergroupswhentherainyseasoncomes?A.Tofindmorefood.B.Toprotectthemselvesbetter.C.Tokeepthemselveswarm.D.Toproducetheiryoung.【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第四段中“...whentherainyseasonbegins,theycollecttogether...forproducingpurposes.”可知。C人物故事(2010·山东·A)ChristopherThomas,27,wasawriterbynightandateacherbydaywhenhenoticedhewasalwaystiredandwaslosingweightfast.Diagnosedwithdiabetes(糖尿病),Thomaswouldneedtoinjecthimselfwithinsulin(胰岛素)threetimesadayfortherestofhislifeorrisknervedamage,blindnessandevendeath.Andifthatweren’tbadenough,hehadnohealthinsurance.Afteramonthoffeelingupset,Thomasdecidedhe’dbetterfindawaytofightback.HeleftCanton,MichiganforNewYork,gotajobwaitingtables,nicknamedhimselftheDiabeticRockstar,andcreateddiabeticrockstar.com,afreeonlinecommunityfordiabeticsandtheirlovedones—aplacewhereover1,100peoplesharepersonalstories,informationandresources.JasonSwencki’sson,Kody,wasdiagnosedwithdiabetesatsix.Fatherandsonvisittheonlinechildren’sforums(论坛)togethermostevenings.“Kodygetssoexcited,writingtokidsfromallover,”saysSwencki,oneofthesite’svolunteers.“Theyknowwhathe’sgoingthrough,sohedoesn’tfeelalone.”Kodyisanythingbutalone：DiabetesisnowtheseventhleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStates,with24milliondiagnosedcases.Andmorepeoplearebeingdiagnosedatyoungerages.Thesedays,Thomas’smainfocusishischarity（慈善机构),FightIt,whichprovidesmedicinesandsuppliestopeople—22