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新GRE考试阅读补充资料-1–重庆新东方学校北美考试部孙桑迪新GRE考试阅读补充资料重庆新东方学校孙桑迪新GRE考试阅读补充资料-2–重庆新东方学校北美考试部孙桑迪新GRE中的新题型新GRE阅读大量模仿了GMAT逻辑题的出题方式。一言以蔽之：新GRE阅读=老GRE阅读+GMAT逻辑。老GRE阅读从篇幅上分有长文章和短文章；而在新GRE阅读中不但保留原来的长文和短文，还增加了只有一到四句话的超短文章，称之为微文。微文虽然微小，但极具逻辑。试看下例（新GRE官方指南P71）：IntheUnitedStatesbetween1850and1880,thenumberoffarmerscontinuedtoincrease,butataratelowerthanthatofthegeneralpopulationWhichofthefollowingstatementsdirectlycontradictstheinformationpresentedabove?A.Thenumberoffarmersinthegeneralpopulationincreasedslightlyinthe30yearsbetween1850and1880.B.TherateofgrowthoftheUnitedStateslaborforceandtherateofgrowthofthegeneralpopulationrosesimultaneouslyinthe30yearsbetween1850and1880.C.TheproportionoffarmersintheUnitedStateslaborforceremainedconstantinthe30yearsbetween1850and1880.D.TheproportionoffarmersintheUnitedStateslaborforcedecreasedfrom64percentin1850to49percentin1880.E.Theproportionoffarmersinthegeneralpopulationincreasedfrom68percentin1850to72percentin1880.仔细考量这道微文题，明显感到这不是传统的阅读理解，而是对思维的考察，这就是微文题目的特点。ETS正是要通过微文题来实现其改革的两大目标：强调复杂推理能力和强调量化推理能力。过去的GRE因为在这两方面的欠缺，导致了大多商学院只认可GMAT对能力的测试。而如今，GRE为了与GMAT竞争，故而自我完善，弥补欠缺。而且ETS还选择了一条最取巧的道路——模仿GMAT的逻辑题。（新GRE官方指南P313）：Inthepasttenyears,therehavebeenseveralimprovementsinmountain-climbingequipment.Theseimprovementshavemadethesportbothsaferandmoreenjoyableforexperiencedclimbers.Despitetheseimprovements,however,therateofmountain-climbinginjurieshasdoubledinpasttenyears.新GRE考试阅读补充资料-3–重庆新东方学校北美考试部孙桑迪Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,bestreconcilestheapparentdiscrepancypresentedinthepassage?A.Manyclimbers,lulledintoafalsesenseofsecurity,usethenewequipmenttoattemptclimbingfeatsofwhichtheyarenotcapable.B.Somemountain-climbinginjuriesarecausedbyunforeseeableweatherconditions.C.Mountainclimbing,althoughadangeroussport,doesnotnormallyresultininjurytotheexperiencedclimber.D.Inthepasttenyearstherehavebeenimprovementsinmountain-climbingtechniquesaswellasinmountain-climbingequipment.E.Althoughtherateofmountain-climbinginjurieshasincreased,therateofmountain-climbingdeathshasnotchanged.即文中出现了一个奇怪或矛盾的现象，题目要求给予解释或调和。这在GMAT逻辑中是司空见惯的解释题。（新GRE官方指南P310）：AtacertainperiodinEarth’shistory,itsatmospherecontainedalmostnooxygen,althoughplantswereproducingvastquantitiesofoxygen.Asawayofreconcilingthesetwofacts,scientistshavehypothesizedthatnearlyalloftheoxygenbeingproducedwastakenupbyirononEarth’ssurface.Clearly,however,thisexplanationisinadequate.NewstudiesshowthattheamountofirononEarth’ssurfacewasnotsufficienttoabsorbanywherenearasmuchoxygenaswasbeingproduced.Therefore,somethinginadditiontotheirononEarth’ssurfacemusthaveabsorbedmuchoftheoxygenproducedbyplantlife.Intheargumentgiven,thetwoportionsinboldfaceplaywhichofthefollowingroles?A.Thefirstisaclaimmadebytheargumentinsupportofacertainposition;thesecondisthatposition.B.Thefirstisajudgmentmadebytheargumentaboutacertainexplanation;thesecondisthatexplanation.C.Thefirstexpressestheargument’sdismissalofanobjectiontothepositionitseekstoestablish;thesecondisthatposition.D.Thefirstsumsuptheargument’spositionwithregardtoacertainhypothesis;thesecondprovidesgroundsforthatposition.新GRE考试阅读补充资料-4–重庆新东方学校北美考试部孙桑迪E.Thefirstisaconcessionbytheargumentthatitsinitialformulationofthepositionitseekstoestablishrequiresmodification;thesecondpresentsthatpositioninamodifiedform.初次接触这种BOLDFACE题的同学，一定是一头雾水，不知从何下手。但这在GMAT中已经考了十年有余了，早已总结出非常有效的破解方式，只要抓住几个关键词，就能把答案迅速遴选出来。当然在原有的GRE阅读中也有着重考察思维的题目，比如会有加强题和削弱题，但其难度远小于GMAT逻辑中的同类题型。但在新GRE中，情况似乎发生了变化。请看下题（新GRE官方指南P321）：Sparva,unlikeTreland’sotherprovinces,requiresautomobileinsurerstopayforanymedicaltreatmentssoughtbysomeonewhohasbeeninvolvedinanaccident;intheotherprovinces,insurerspayfornonemergencytreatmentonlyiftheypreapprovethetreatment.Clearly,Sparva’slessrestrictivepolicymustbetheexplanationforthefactthataltogetherinsurerstherepayforfarmoretreatmentsafteraccidentsthaninsurersinotherprovinces,eventhoughSparvadoesnothavethelargestpopulation.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,moststrengthentheargument?A.CarinsurancecostsmoreinSparvathaninanyotherprovince.B.ThecostofmedicalcareinSparvaishigherthanthenationalaverage.C.Differenceinsurancecompanieshavedifferentstandardsfordeterminingwhatconstitutesemergencytreatment.D.FewerinsurancecompaniesoperateinSparvathaninanyotherprovince.E.TherearefewertrafficaccidentsannuallyinSparvathaninanyoftheprovincesofcomparableorgreatpopulation.表面上看，这就是一道GRE阅读中传统的加强题，只不过原来在长文或短文章中出现，而现在微文中了。但深入体会，发现其加强的思路在靠近GMAT的考法。过去对原文推理的加强一般都停留在对论据或结论的支持上，这当然是比较肤浅的。而这道题，其论据（Sparva’slessrestrictivepolicy）与其结论（insurersinSparvapayforfarmoretreatments）都是原文所引述的事实，无需支持。所以对该推理的加强就在于对其因果关系的支持，这正是GMAT加强题的精髓，同时更是对推理能力的考察。新GRE考试阅读补充资料-5–重庆新东方学校北美考试部孙桑迪Passage1Manytheorieshavebeenformulatedtoexplaintheroleofgrazerssuchaszooplanktonincontrollingtheamountofplanktonicalgae(phytoplankton)inlakes.Thefirsttheoriesofsuchgrazercontrolweremerelybasedonobservationsofnegativecorrelationsbetweenalgalandzooplanktonnumbers.Alownumberofalgalcellsinthepresenceofahighnumberofgrazerssuggested,butdidnotprove,thatthegrazershadremovedmostofthealgae.Theconverseobservation,oftheabsenceofgrazersina