英语教学论复习要点(名词解释、简答)

MakinginferenceItmeans‘readingbetweenthelines’,whichisanimportantreadingskill.Itrequiresthereadertousebackgroundknowledgeinordertoinfertheimpliedmeaningoftheauthor.Task(inclassroomactivity)Ataskisanactivitywhichrequireslearnerstoarriveatanoutcomefromgiveninformationthroughsomeprocessofthought,andwhichallowsteacherstocontrolandregulatethatprocess.CommunicativeApproachCommunicativeApproachisanewmethodforteachingEnglishcomparedwithotherones.ItisdevelopedonthebaseofFunctionalapproach.Itpaysemphasisonreallanguagecommunicationinlanguageteaching.Withcommunicativeapproach,teacherswouldtrytouseauthenticlanguagematerials,tocreaterealsituationindailylife,tomakeuseofinformationgapandtask-basedactivitytodevelopstudents’communicativecompetence.Theconnotation（含义）ofcultureinforeignlanguageteaching(intheNationalEnglishCurriculum)Alanguagehasrichculturalconnotations.Inforeignlanguageteaching,culturemeansthehistoryandgeography,localconditionsandcustoms,traditionalconventions,lifestylesandmodes,literaryandarts,normsoftheconductandvalues,etc.ofthecountrywhoselanguageislearnt.Thefollowingcategoriesaboutthecountriestakingthetargetlanguageastheirnativelanguage:CommunicativeCompetenceCommunicativecompetenceentailsknowingnotonlythelanguagecodeortheformoflanguage,butalsowhattosaytowhomandhowtosayitappropriatelyinanygivensituation.Communicativecompetenceincludesknowledgeofwhattosay,whom,how,where,andtowhom.Task-basedactivityTask-basedactivityisakindofclassroomactivityoftenusedincommunicativemethodlanguageteaching.Aftertheteacherassignsacertaintaskandthestudentstrytogetsomeinformationtofinishthetaskthroughcommunicatingwiththeirclassmates.Thestudentslearnthelanguagewhileusingthelanguageintheprocessofcommunication.AuthenticlanguagematerialAuthenticlanguagematerialreferstothesortoflanguagematerialthenativespeakerswouldusetoeachother.Theyarewrittenfornativespeakerstoreadorspokenfornativespeakerstolistentobynativespeakers.Itisnotsimplifiedinanywayfortheconvenienceoflearnersofthelanguage.SuchasEnglishnovels,poems,advertisements,films,speeches,programsonradioorTV,newsreports,plays,etc.WeadvocateEnglishteachersshoulduseauthenticlanguagematerialsasteachingmaterialsinEnglishteaching.CommunicativeapproachCommunicativeapproachisanewmethodforteachingEnglishcomparedwithotherones.ItisdevelopedonthebaseofFunctionalapproach.Itpaysemphasisonreallanguagecommunicationinlanguageteaching.Withcommunicativeapproach,teacherswouldtrytouseauthenticlanguagematerials,tocreaterealsituationindailylife,tomakeuseofinformationgapandtask-basedactivitytodevelopstudents’communicativecompetence.InformationgapRealcommunicationisofteninitiatedbecauseoftheexistenceofaninformationgap.Thespeakerhasgottheinformationwhichthelistenerdoesnotknoworthespeakerwantstoknowinformationthelistenerhasgot.Thegapofinformationbetweenthetwocommunicatorsiscalledinformationgap.Thepurposeforpeopletocommunicatewithotherpeopleistofilltheinformationgap.It’salsoanimportantconceptincommunicativeapproach,forinformationgapcreatestheneedandthedesiretohaverealcommunication.Toapplyinformationgaptolanguageteachinginclassroomwillbeeffectivetodevelopstudents’languageskillsforcommunication.ThefiveobjectivesinthenewNationalEnglishCurriculumare:1.)Languageknowledge—phonetics;vocabulary;grammar;functionandtopic2).Languageskills—listening;speaking;readingandwriting3).Learningstrategies—cognitivestrategy;controllingstrategy;communicativestrategyandresourcestrategy.4).Cultureawareness—culturalknowledge;culturalunderstanding;awarenessandcompetenceofcross-culturalcommunication5).Affectionandattitude—motivationandinterest;self-confidenceandstrongwill;spiritofcooperation;consciousnessofmotherlandandinternationalprospectTherelationshipamongthefiveobjectivesandfunctionsofeachobjectiveundertaking.Viewedfromtheperspectiveoflanguagelearning,languageskillsensurethebasicabilitytolearnthelanguage,languageknowledgeformsthebasisofcomprehensivelanguage,competence,students’affectandattitudestronglyinfluencetheirlearninganddevelopment,successfullearningstrategiesimprovetheeffectivenessofstudents’learning,andculturalawarenessensuresstudent’sappropriateuseofthelanguage.ThefiveteachingstepsofEnglishclassroomteachingare:Classroomarrangement:-----tocallthestudents’attentiontotheclass.Reviewingandchecking:-----toreviewandcheckthecontentslearnedbefore，andsetupabridgebetweentheoldknowledgeandthenewones.Presentation:-----tointroducethenewmaterialsindifferentways.Practicing:----topracticeandconsolidatethenewmaterials.a.Mechanicalpractice----form-focusedpractice(languagestructure)b.Meaningfulpractice----meaning-focusedpractice(languageusage)c.Communicativepractice----applying-focusedpractice(languageapplication)Summingupandassignment:-----toassignthestudentssomehomeworktodoafterclass.FormativeassessmentSummativeassessmentLanguageskillsLanguageknowledgeAffectandattitudeLearningstrategiesCulturalawarenessClassroominteractionReceptiveclassroomactivityProductiveclassroomactivityWarm-upactivityClassroominstruction61Proceduralexplanation62Contentexpl