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拓展模块英语组耿玉环ReadingHealthCareandEpidemicsReadingcomprehension1.Whatareepidemicdiseases？2.WhatwastheBlackDeath?3.HowdidpeopletreatvictimsofepidemicsinEuropeduringaplagueafewhundredyearsago?4.Howseriousisflutopeople?5.Whatmethodsareusedtopreventtheoutbreakofepidemics?6.Whatcanthegovernmentdotoprotectitspeoplefromdiseases?Answers:1.infectiousdiseases2.inEuropein1347,destroyed,greatdisasters.3.crueltovictims,firedthem,outoftheirapartments,transportationservices.4.sixty-five,sufferingfromothermedicalconditions.5.bepreventedbyinjectingaliquidvaccine.6.toprovidepreventivehealthcare.Languagepoints:1.sufferfrom因……而受苦所接宾语指痛苦,疾病，寒冷，饥饿损失等。Eg:Heissufferingfromtoothache.Eg:Theseplantscannotsufferfromacoldwinter.suffer也用作及物动词，作“遭受”“蒙受”解Eg:Theysufferedaserciousdiseaseasaresultofoverwork.2.presentadj.作“存在”解，在句中作表语。Eg:Oxygenispresentintheair.Eg:Theterribleeventsoffiveyearsagoarestillpresenttoourminds.3.occur用作不及物动词，作“发生”解Eg:AtthebeginningofJuneaneventoccurred.Eg:Iamsorrythatthishasoccurred.4.breakout“突然发生”“爆发”Eg:Influenzausuallybreaksoutinwinter.Eg:TheeconomiccrisisfirstbrokeoutintheUnitedStates.5.destroy用作及物动词“毁坏”“消灭”“摧毁”Eg:Theforestwasdestroyedbyfire.Eg:Theyhopetodestroyusonebyone,buttheywillfail.6.leavesb./sth.+doingsth.让（某人/某事）继续处于某种状态Eg:Don’tleavetheboystandingoutside.Eg:Wesawherclothesthatshehadleftlyingaround.7.becrueltosb.对某人残忍/无情Eg:Thestepmotherwascrueltothelittlegirl.bekindto对……友善befriendlyto对……友好Eg:Hewasfriendlytoeveryone.Eg:Theyareallkindtome.8.refuse拒绝，不肯，其后可接不定式todo作宾语。Eg:Herefusedtoattendthemeeting.Eg:Theboyrefusedtobeexamined.9.forshort“缩写形式”“简称”Eg:HisrealnamewasThomas,buthewascalledTomforshort.10.relieve减轻（病痛，紧张情绪等）Eg:Thenurserelievedhispainbygivinghimacoolingdrink.Eg:Wetelephonedtorelieveourmother’suneasiness.11.cureV.作“治疗”“治愈”解Eg：Thedrugcuredmyfever.另外cure还可作名词，“治疗办法”如下文thereisstillnocureformanydiseasesandnomedicinetopreventthem.Eg:Thereisnocertaincureforcancer.Eg:Hehastriedallsortsofcures,butwithoutsuccess.12.thereis(no)sth.for(没)有某些用于……的东西Eg:Thereisnospacefortheheadline.Eg:Thereisenoughtimefordiscussion.thereissth.todo有可用来做……的东西Eg:Thereislittlewatertowaterthefieldinthisarea.13.Itishightime+that+主语+V-ed是某人该做某事的时候了谓语动词要用过去式，是虚拟语气的一种。Eg:Itishightimewestarted.=Itishightimeforustostart.Eg:Ithinkitishightimethatyoumadeupyourmind.Itistime+主语+V-ed是…的时候了Eg:Itistimeyouwenttobed.Eg:Itistimedidcleaning.14.takemeasures采取措施其中的measure作“措施”解，用作可数名词。Eg:Whatmeaturesweretakentopreventfire?Eg:Ifherefusestopay,Ishalltakemeasuresagainsthim.Eg:Wetookasecretmeasuretofindoutthethief.WorldformationOldWorldsNewWorldsoutadv.向外outbreakv.爆发breakv.破裂shapen.形状reshapev.重塑firen.火firev.解雇headn.头headachen.头痛achev.痛preventv.阻止preventiveadj.预防性的拓展模块英语组耿玉环SupplementaryReadingAidsAids艾滋病，学名是获得性免疫缺陷综合症，英文名称AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome,缩写为Aids,因此被翻译成艾滋病艾滋病是一种有艾滋病毒HIV(英文名为HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus,简称HIV)引起的致命疾病。发病时，大多数人表现为类似流感的的症状：发烧，头痛，咽喉疼痛，出现皮疹等不适的感觉。艾滋病的传播途径主要有：性接触传染，输血，吸毒者共用针头，母婴传染。Languagepoints:1.takeaprecaution采取预防措施precaution作“预防措施”解，用作可数名词Eg:Takeeveryprecautionsoasnottocatchcold.Eg:Inspring,wemusttakeprecautionsagainstfire.2.be+adj.+of在……方面是……Eg:Heisslowofspeech.Eg:Shewasquickofeyeandhand.3.none用作代词，“毫无”“没有”在句中作表语。Eg:I’venoneofthosethings.none用作代词，更多地用来作主语，宾语，none既可以指人，也可以指物，后可以接of短语。作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数，也可用复数。Eg:Noneofthepassengerswere/wasawareofthedanger.Eg:Noneofthemhas/haveanygreatability.4.Thedoctorsaid在句中是插入语，英语句子中常插入一些短语或句子，用来补充某些含义，这称之为插入语。常用的插入语有：Ithink,youknow,itissaid,I’mafraid等。Eg:Heis,Ithink,thebeststudentintheclass.Eg:Theconclusion,I’mafraid,isnottrue.5.experience及物动词“经历”“感受”“感到”Eg:Myparentshadalreadyexperiencedonegreatsadness.Eg:Ourcountryhasexperiencedgreatchangesinthelastthirtyyears.6.circulatev.循环，流通Eg:Watercirculatesinthepipesofabuilding.Eg:Trafficcirculatesinthemainstreetofthistown.7.fightoff击退，摆脱掉Eg:Hefoughtoffthedisease.Eg:He’sfightingoffMaryforyears.8.transmit传送，输送，传播Eg:Atelegramwillbethequickestwaytotransmitthemessage.Eg:Ratstransmitdisease.9.with和……在一起，跟……一起Eg:Isawyouwithhimtheothernightatthetheatre.Eg:IamhappywithMartin.10.evidence证据，根据Eg:Therewasnoevidencetosupporthisopinion.11.claimn.“说法”“陈述”，另外还有“要求”“索赔”的意思。Eg:Hisclaimtoknowtheanswewasnotbelieved.Eg:Thegovernmentwouldnotconsiderhisclaimformoney.12.bite(bit,bitten)vt.(昆虫)叮，咬Eg:Wewerebittentodeathbyflieswhilecamping.Eg:Ibitmytongueyeaterdayanditispainful.bitevi.用于biteintosb./sth.结构中,表示“咬某人/某物”。Eg:Theboybitintohispieceofcake.Eg:Barkingdogsseldombite.13.inject…into…“把…注入…”还可用作“向某人介绍”“引进”解Eg:Thedoctorinjectedthedrugintomyarm.Eg:Youshouldinjectafewideasintotheproject.14.does是对动词inject的强调，do置于动词前，用来加强语气，常用在肯定句中，根据情况翻译。Eg:Dowritemesoon.Eg:Hedidn’tcomeyesterday,buthedidgiveusaphonecall.15.actas充当……,担任……Eg:Heactedaschairmaninmyabsence.Eg:Idon’tunderstandtheirlanguage.You’llhavetoactasinterpreter.16.survive活下来，幸存Eg:Someanimalscansurviveinthedesertonverylittlewater.Eg:Theseplantswon’tsurvivewithoutsun.WordFormationOldWordsNewWordshospitaln.医院hospitalizeinfectv.(使)感染infectedadj.受感染的infectv.(使)感染infectionn.感染experiencen.经验experiencev.经历flun.感冒/likeadj.相似的flu-likeadj.像感冒的produ