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第1页共28页小升初语法总结之①名词的复数形式名词是表示人、事物和抽象概念等的词。下面主要介绍一下名词的复数规则：1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2．以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：knife-knives5．不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese随堂练习：I_________him_________this___________her______watch_______child_______photo________diary______day________foot________book_______dress________tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry_____thief_______yo-yo______peach______sandwich______man______woman_______paper_______juice___________water________milk________rice__________tea__________答案：wethemthesetheir、themwatcheschildrenphotosdiariesdaysfeetbooksdressesteethsheepboxesstrawberriesthievesyo-yospeachessandwichesmenwomenpaperjuicewatermilkriceteapaper：一般为不可数当为报纸,文件,考卷时可作可数名词,复数为papers英语语法知识点②名词的不规则变化一、有些名词中保存了英语中古旧的复数形式，如：man-menwoman-womentooth-teethfoot-feetchild-childrengoose-geesemouse-miceox-oxen二、有些是外来词，仍保有原来的复数形式，如：Phenomenon-phenomena(现象)Formula-formulae(公式)Thesis-theses(论文)Basis-bases(基础)Analysis-analyses(分析)Criterion-criteria(标准)Crisis-crises(危机)Appendix-appendices(附录)三、部分单词的复数形式不变。例：fish→fish;sheep→sheep;cattle→cattle;deer→deer;salmon→salmon,means→means四、compoundnouns，这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示例：daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law媳妇；father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父第2页共28页man-of-war→men-of-war兵舰；maid-servant→maid-servantsstep-son→step-sons晚子；son-in-law→sons-in-law。但是，也有些合成名词，特别是由man和woman构成的合成名词，里面所含的成分，全都要变为复数，如：Man-servant－men-servants，womandoctor－womendoctors等五、有些名词经常是带着-s词尾的，但通常都作单数看待，如：Phonetics(语音学)，physics(物理学)，optics(光学)，politics(政治)，news(新闻)等。六、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多例：bellows风箱；clothes;police;shorts短裤；scissors剪刀；spectacles眼镜；shears大剪刀，trousers长裤，wages工资，belongings所有物，surroundings环境，savings储蓄，findings调查结果，arms武器，clothes衣服，stairs楼梯，等七、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思例：goods货物，waters水域，fishes(各种)鱼，papers文件，证件，greens青菜，manners礼貌，ruins废墟，troops军队，looks外貌，times时代，等第三部分：不可数名词的计量方法(1)一般用“数字+of+计量单位+名词”表示，(注意：当数字大于一时，表示计量单位的名词可以有复数形式)。如：apieceofnews一则新闻apieceofmeat一块肉aglassofwine一杯酒twobowlsofrice两碗米asumofmoney一笔钱fivebagsofflour一袋面粉adropofwater一滴水threebottlesofmilk三瓶牛奶twopiecesofadvice两条建议(2)用much/some/alittle/little/alotof/plentyof+不可数名词练习题：1、Allthepeopleattheconferenceare______。a.mathematicteachersc.mathematicsteacherb.mathematicsteachersd.mathematic’steachers(C)2、Allthe______inthehospitalgotariselastmonth。a.womendoctorsc.womandoctorsb.womendoctord.womandoctor(a)3、---Arethereany________onthefarm?---Yes,therearesome。A.horseB.duckC.chickenD.sheep(D)4、---Theyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem______?---Certainly。A.somebottlesofwatersB.somebottlesofwaterC.somebottleofwaterD.somebottleofwaters(B)5、Mikehurtoneofhis______intheaccidentyesterday。A.toothB.feetC.handD.ear(B)6、Thereissome_______ontheplate。A.cakesB.meatC.potatoD.pears(B)7、Thelittlebabyhastwo_______already。A.toothB.toothsC.teethD.teeths(C)8、Weneedsomemore____.Canyougoandgetsome,please?A.potatoB.potatosC.potatoesD.potatoe(C)9、Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree___。A.leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave(B)10、Hegaveus____onhowtokeepfit。A.someadvicesB.someadviceC.anadviceD.aadvice(B)11、Pleasepassme_____。A.twoglassofwaterB.twoglassesofwatersC.twoglassesofwaterD.twoglasswater(C)第3页共28页12、Therearealotof_______downtherebuthardlyany_______。A.sheeps,peopleB.sheep,peopleC.sheeps,peoplesD.sheep,peoples(B)13、Thistableismadeof__________。A.manyglassB.glassesC.someglassesD.glass(D)14、______cangetabetterviewofthegamethantheparticipants。A.Looker-onB.Lookers-onC.Looker-onsD.Lookers-ons(B)15、Some______areflyingkitesneartheriver。A.childB.boyC.boysD.childs(C)16、Mr.Smithalwayshas________totellus.A.somegoodpiecesofnewsB.somepiecesofgoodnewsC.somegoodpieceofnewsD.somepieceofgoodnews(B)17、Twelve_______werehurt,butno_________werelostinthataccident。A.person;lifeB.people;livesC.peoples;livesD.persons;life(B)18、Intheviewoftheforeignexperts,therewasn’t____oilhere。A.muchB.lotsofC.agreatdealofD.many(A)19、Thepoliceinvestigatedthose_____abouttheaccident。A.stander-byC.standers-byB.stander-bysD.standers-bys(B)20、Generallythereare______televisionprogramsforchildrenonSaturday。A.littleB.muchC.alargenumberofD.alargeamountof(C)小升初语法总结之②—一般现在时态1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1.be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1.be动词的变化。否定句：主语+be+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Whereismybike?2.行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其它)。如：Idon'tlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：Hedoesn'toftenplay.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.第4页共28页当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedo