(,400716):TV541:B:1673-5366(2006)05-0035-03:,,,,,;,,,,:;;;;;,,,,[1],,,,[2-4],,,,,;,,,,,1,,(1),,G,f=Gsin,F=Ntan,N=Gcos,F=Gcostan1K=F/f,K=tan/tan(1)K=1,=,;K1,,,,;K1,,,,,,,,,F1FF1=F+c;(2):c,,,,,,2,,,,,:[5]2.1GPaPpF(5320065©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.),2Pa,Pp,,Pp,,1776,,[6]:,c=0,,,c,,c2():,PaPax;(Pp),F,FWPaPayu,F=(W+Pay)u,:Pa=12H2Ka(3):,kN/m3;H,m;Ka,,:Ks=(W+Pay)uPax(4):Ks;Pax,kN/m;Pay,kN/m;W,kN/m;u,Ks1.3,,2.2,O,Paxh;PaybWa:Kt=(Wa+Payb)Paxh(5):Kt;abhWPayPaxO,mKt1.5,,2.3,,,,,e,emaxmin,e342.3.1O,,eD/2W:e=D2+PaxyW+Paxx3W-W1x1W-W2x2W(6)2.3.2e,,(5),maxmin,maxmin=WD(16eD)(7)2.3.36320065©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(max+min)Nfmax1.2Nf(8):Nf,kPa53(1),,,,,,,;,,,,,,,(2),(2),PaPay,,,(3)(),,,,,[][1],.[J].,2003(2):23-24.[2],.[J].,2004,35(4):11-13.[3],.[J].,2002(1):36-38.[4].[J].,2001,17(4):39-41.[5],.[J].,2004,18(5):242-243.[6].[M].:,1998:169-198.:2005-07-20:(1979-),,,,()2007,1955,,,,,,,,(),,25,16,128,:25,:300,:CNll-1908/S82-6::100091:(010)6288982062888579Email:linykx@forestry.ac.cnlinykx@caf.ac.cn©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.