区域管理中的可持续发展问题以重庆为例-ThemeGall

Regionalmanagementofsustainabledevelopment–takeChongqingasanexample区域管理中的可持续发展问题——以重庆为例ByYiXiaoguangPresident,ResearchFellowofComprehensiveEconomicResearchInstitute,ChongqingDevelopmentandReformCommission易小光重庆市综合经济研究院院长研究员可持续发展已作为当今中国发展的基本战略之一。位于中国西部的重庆市在区域管理中大力进行了可持续发展的实践：以统筹城乡发展、实施一圈两翼区域发展战略、推进了经济增长方式的转变、持久开展生态环境保护与建设、对三峡库区进行了科学的规划和发展、积极寻求更大区域合作，提高发展能力和环境综合治理能力。•SustainabledevelopmenthasbeenabasicstrategyofcurrentChina’sdevelopment.ChongqingMunicipalitywhichlocatedinChina'swesternregionvigorouslypromotesthepracticeofsustainabledevelopmentinregionalmanagement:Bycoordinatingurbanandruraldevelopmentandimplementingonecircleandtwowingsofaregionaldevelopmentstrategy,ithaspromotedandchangedthemodeofeconomicgrowth,andhaslastedecologicalenvironmentalprotectionandsustainableconstruction.ThroughthescientificplanninganddevelopmentofthreeGorgesreservoirarea,thecityhasbeenactivelyseekinggreaterregionalcooperationtodeveloptheirabilityandenvironmentmanagementcapacity.内容提要一、可持续发展的内涵及在当前中国发展阶段的重要性I.TheConnotationofSustainableDevelopmentandItsImportanceinChina'sCurrentDevelopmentStageTheevolutionaryprocessofenvironmentanddevelopmentissuesarethebackgroundofsustainabledevelopmentproposed.•Theadvanceofglobalsustainabledevelopmentconcepthasundergonethreemilestones:In1972,thefirstUnitedNationsConferenceontheHumanEnvironmentadoptedtheDeclarationonHumanEnvironmentandproposedthehumanhaveonlyoneEarthconcept;In1987,ourcommonfuturedroughtforewordtheconceptofsustainabledevelopment;In1992theUnitedNations21stcenturyAgendacausedsustainabledevelopmentintoaglobaldevelopmenttheme.环境与发展问题的演变过程是提出可持续发展的时代背景。全球可持续发展理念的提出，经历了三次里程碑：1972年第一次联合国人类环境大会，通过了《人类环境宣言》，提出“人类只有一个地球”的理念；1987年在《我们共同的未来》中提出了可持续发展的概念；1992年联合国《21世纪议程》使可持续发展成为全球发展的主题。一、可持续发展的内涵及在当前中国发展阶段的重要性I.TheConnotationofSustainableDevelopmentandItsImportanceinChina'sCurrentDevelopmentStageSustainabledevelopmentisanintegratedconceptwhichinvolveseconomy,society,culturaltechnologyandnaturalenvironment.•Theconnotationofsustainabledevelopmentmainlyincludesthefollowingaspects:First,sustainabledevelopmentdoesnotnegatetheeconomicgrowth,particularlydevelopingcountrieseconomicgrowth,butitmusttransfertheproductionmethodfromtheextensivetointensivestyleandaddresstheeconomicdistortionsanderrorsaswell;Second,Sustainabledevelopmentshouldtakenaturalresourcesastheprerequisiteandcoordinatetotheenvironmentcarryingcapacity.Weseektoreducetherateofdepletionofnaturalassetsandstrivetomakeitthebelowthedevelopmentrateofrenewableresourcesorrateofsubstitutes;可持续发展是一个涉及经济、社会、文化技术及自然环境等的综合性概念，其内涵主要包括以下几个方面：——可持续发展并不否定经济增长，尤其是发展中国家的经济增长，但必须将生产方式从粗放型转变为集约型，研究并解决经济上的扭曲和误区——可持续发展要以自然资源为前提，同资源环境承载能力相协调。要力求降低自然资产的耗竭速率，使之低于资源的再生速率或替代品的开发速率一、可持续发展的内涵及在当前中国发展阶段的重要性I.TheConnotationofSustainableDevelopmentandItsImportanceinChina'sCurrentDevelopmentStage•Third,sustainabledevelopmentdemandsahighdegreereunificationoffairnessandefficiency.Wecannotpursuejustthepresentbenefitstoharmthefoundationoflong-termdevelopment,atthesametimewemustpayourattentiontoboththelong-termbenefitsandtheshort-termbenefits.Fourth,sustainabledevelopmentneedstofollowtheprincipleofinnovation.Theuseoftechnologicalinnovationsandtheinstitutionalinnovationmeanstoprovidethenecessarytechnicalandeconomicconditionsforsustainabledevelopment;fifth,thesustainabledevelopmentaimstoimprovethequalityofpeoplelifeinlinewithsocialprogress,itsultimateaimistoachieveall-rounddevelopment.——可持续发展要求公平与效率的高度统一。不能只求眼前利益而损害长期发展的基础，必须将近期效益与长期效益兼顾——可持续发展要遵循创新原则。利用技术创新和制度创新，为可持续发展提供必要的技术和经济条件——可持续发展以提高生活质量为目标，同社会进步相适应，其最终目的是实现人的全面发展一、可持续发展的内涵及在当前中国发展阶段的重要性I.TheConnotationofSustainableDevelopmentandItsImportanceinChina'sCurrentDevelopmentStageChinaisfacedwiththeenormousenergyandresourceschallenges,andsustainabledevelopmentwillbecomeabasicdevelopmentstrategy.•Chinaisthelargestdevelopingcountrieswithlimitedresourcesandalargepopulation,theper-capitaconsumptionofresourcesisfarbelowtheworldaverage,andthepercapitaarablelandisonlyequivalentto42percentofworldaveragelevel.Thefreshwaterresourceisequivalentto27percentofworldpercapitalevel,theforestresourcesisequivalentto20percentofworldpercapitalevel,thepercapitaconsumptionofcoal,petroleumandnaturalgasisrespectivelyequivalenttotheworld'spercapitaconsumptionof56percent,15percentand10percent.Atthesametime,economichasbeengrownrapidlysincethereformandopeningupofChina,whichistheresultoftherapidexpansionofpercapitaconsumptionofresourcesandthetotalconsumptionofresources,onlyasteelindustryontheenergyconsumptionoccupiesonetenthofChina'senergyconsumption.Lowleveloftechnology,fundsdeficiency,theextensiveuseofresources,andwastephenomenonareseriousproblems,whichalsocausedtheresourcesandenvironmentalissuesmoreseriously.中国，面临着能源与资源的巨大挑战，可持续发展成为基本发展战略。中国是最大的发展中国家，但资源有限，人口众多，人均资源占有量远低于世界平均水平，人均耕地仅相当于世界人均水平的42%，淡水资源相当于世界人均水平的27%，森林资源相当于世界人均水平的20%，煤、石油、天然气人均占有量分别相当于世界人均占有量的56%、15%、10%。同时，我国改革开放来中国经济高速增长，导致人均资源消费量和资源消费总量迅速扩大，仅钢铁一个行业能耗就占中国能耗的十分之一。技术水平低、资金匮乏、资源利用方面的粗放、浪费现象严重等问题，也使资源与环境等问题愈加严重。一、可持续发展的内涵及在当前中国发展阶段的重要性I.TheConnotationofSustainableDevelopmentandItsImportancein