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学士学位毕业设计气吸式免耕精密播种机的总体设计学生姓名：徐长江学号：20064021015指导教师：李玉清所在学院：工程学院专业：农业机械化及其自动化中国·大庆2010年5月黑龙江八一农垦大学毕业论文（设计）I气吸式免耕精密播种机的总体设计摘要：近年来，精密播种已成为播种作业中一个最具研究潜力的热门话题。精密播种是提高粮食单产的一项现代化综合性技术措施，涉及到育种、种子加工、精密播种机具、土壤精细耕作、植保、施肥和灌溉等一系列技术。精密播种技术的实施,可节省大量优良种子，可节省田间间苗、定苗用工，种子分布合理，减少肥料和光能损失，可增加作物产量，经济效益显著。随着育种、种子加工处理技术、农药、除草剂和水利灌溉技术的不断发展与完善,使种子的发芽率和保苗率有了一定的保证，从而使精密播种技术有了更可靠的保证,气吸式播种机则是一种用气流的吸附力将种子从种子堆中分离出来，从而达到单粒或双粒精密播种的目的，同机械式精密排种器相比具有省种、不伤种、对种子尺寸要求不严、适应力强、易于实现单粒精播和高作业速度等诸多优点，因此气吸式精密播种机是目前国内外精密播种机发展的重点。关键词：气吸式；免耕播种；排种装置；开沟器；黑龙江八一农垦大学毕业论文（设计）IISuctionstyleofno-tillageseederprecisiondesignAbstract:inrecentyears,precisionseedinghasbecomeoneofthemostplantingoperationresearchpotentialtopic.Precisionseedingistoimprovethegrainyieldofamoderncomprehensivetechnicalmeasures,involvesthebreeding,processingandsowingseedsinthesoil,precisionmachineryplant,farming,fineandirrigation,fertilizationtechnology.Precisionseedingtechnology,savestheimplementationofgoodseed,cansavethereasonabledistributionoflabor,seeds,fertilizersandreduceenergylosses,canincreasecropyield,andtheeconomicbenefitisremarkable.Withtheseedbreeding,processingtechnology,pesticides,herbicideandirrigationtechnologyunceasingdevelopmentandperfectionofseedgerminationhadcertainassurance,soprecisionseedingtechnologyhasamorereliableassurance,gasabsorptiontypemachineisakindofairfromtheseedsseedadsorptionofisolated,achievesingleordoublegrainsowingpurpose,withprecisionmechanicalprecisionseedmeteringdevices,comparedwithprovinceofseed,don'thurtsizerequirementislax,adaptable,easytorealizesinglegrainsowingandpureadvantagesofhighspeedofoperation,thussuctionprecisionmachineprecisionmachinedevelopmentathomeandabroadisthekey.Keyword：Gasabsorptiontype,No-tillseeding,Thedevice,sowingboot黑龙江八一农垦大学毕业论文（设计）1摘要.................................................................................................................................................................................................................IAbstract...........................................................................................................................................................................................................II1绪论.......................................................................................................................................................................................................31.1本课题的研究目的与意义................................................................................................................................................31.2国内外气吸式播种机的发展现状...................................................................................................................................31.2.1国外免耕播种机的研究现状..............................................................................................................................31.2.2国内免耕播种机的发展现状..............................................................................................................................51.3国内播种机存在的问题.....................................................................................................................................................81.3.1工作速度低............................................................................................................................................................81.3.2外槽轮排种器工作效果不理想.........................................................................................................................81.4该设计的设计路线..............................................................................................................................................................92播种机各工作部件的设计.............................................................................................................................................................102.1排种器的设计....................................................................................................................................................................102.1.1气吸式排种器的理论分析及工作原理..........................................................................................................102.1.2工作过程中种子的受力情况............................................................................................................................102.2吸孔直径和吸室真空度的确定......................................................................................................................................112.3排肥器的设计....................................................................................................................................................................122.4开沟器的设计....................................................................................................................................................................142.4.1开沟器的基本类型.............................................................................................................................................142.4.2施肥开沟器的选择...........................................................................................................