机械运动方案构思与创造性设计

机械运动方案构思与创造性设计TheConceptionandTheCreativeDesignofMechanicMotionSchemeShanghaiJiaotongUniversityCaoZhikuiLuchangli[],,[Abstract]Thepaperdescribesthemethodoftheconceptionandthecreativedesignofmechanicmotionscheme,morphology-matrixmethod.Andittakesthedesignofthegrainingboardauto-puncherforexam-ple.:Keywords:motionschemecreativedesignmorphologymatrix.()?,,:;;;,,,,,,,:1.,,,;,2.,,3.,,,:,,IntroductionHowtoworkoutagoodplanofmechanicalmotion(someareinventionsorpatents).Toan-swerthisquestionisasdifficultastoanswerhowaexcellentnovelisworkedoutforthewriter.Ac-cordingtooutcomeofscientificresearchandtheconclusionoftheories,thispapergenerallyexpli-cates:Theconditionsandprocessesofconception;thepreludeandabstractionofconception;thede-velopmentandcreationofconception;thecombina-tionandconvergenceofconception.Withtheexam-pleofdesigningtheautomaticcardcutter,thepaperproposestheoperationstepsofdesigningthemo-tionplan,comprehensivelyelucidatestherelation-shipbetweenBlackboxmehtodandFunction-treemethodandCreativemethodandMorphologyma-trixmethodandtheevaluationmethod.1Theconditionsandprocessesofcon-ceptionTheconceptionanddesignofthemechanicalmotionisakindofcreativethinkactivity.General-izedconceptionincludesthefollowingaspectes:(1).Thepotentialcreativepower.Thispowerishiddenineachdesigner.Itsbasisisknowledge.Thebasicknowledgecanexpandthedesigner'sthinking,stimulatethecreativemotive,expandthe8DriveSystemTechnique3/974.,,,,:,5.++,,,,,111.:2.;3.1.:2.,3.4.,,1.:,;2.:,;3.:;4.:,;5.:,();6.:;7.,,,,:1,,scopeandcontentofassociation.Thespecializedknowledgeisanecessaryfactor.Asucessfulcre-ativedesignisthegreatachievementofcombiningthespecializedknowledgewithimagination.(2).Theobviouscreativity.Itbringsknowl-edgeintofixedtargettoformtheactplan,whichcandevelopthepotentialcreativityanddesignnewmechanismandnewplanandnewmachine.(3).Thecreativeimpulsion.Thedesigner'sin-tellectwillreleaseitsallenergyonlyunderthegreatpressurefield,whichcomposesofvarouskindsofsubjectiveandobjectivefactors.Thiskindofpressurecanbeofsocial,financial,working,one-self.Buttheprincipalpressureristheoneselfthat:thestrongresponsibilityforcauseattraction,beinggoodataplyingknowledge,withthehelpofexter-nalpressure,diligentlystrivingoncreatnewsitua-tion.(4).Theinspirationthinking.Inspirationisatransientandsuddenprocessaswellasacreartivequality-changingprocesswhichburstafteralongtimeofknowledgeandexperienceaccumulation.Adisonsaid:Thegenusis1percentageinspirationand99percentagesweat.(5).Theconceptionprocess.Potentialcreativi-ty+allkindsofcreativeskills+inspirationthinking]truningintoobviouscreativity.2.Totalfunctionanalysisthepre-ludeofconception,informationaccu-mulationAtfirst,youmustunderstandthefunctionofthemachinetobedesigned,collectallreleventde-signrequirement,thetechnicaldata,thereqirementofcustomers.Withtheseconditions,youcancon-siderandchoosethemechanicworkingprincipleandthetypeofmechanisms.Table1liststherela-tionshipbetweenthemechanicfunctionrequire-mentandtheconceptionofmotionplan.Afterundersdandingthetask,youcanabstractamechanicsystemasthreeprimaryelements:ener-gy,materialandinformation.Asinfig.1shown,theBlackBoxmethodintensivelyanalysesandcom-parestherelationshipbetweeninputandoutputof93/97DriveSystemTechniqueTable1MechanicFunctionAnalysisRequirementChartItemsFunctionRequirementRelationtoConceptionofPlanMachinespecifica-tionandefficiency1.Specialityanalysisofdynamicrescource:electric,pneumaticandhydraulicpower,etc;2.Productivity,mechanicefficiency;3.Thelimitationandarrangementoftheconstructionsizes;Ithasrelationswiththearrangementofthetransmissionandexecutivemechanisms.Forexample:pneumaticmechanismcouldn'tbeenchooseninworkingprincipleandmechanismifpneumaticpowerisnotavailable.Executivefinction1.Motionparameters:motionpattern,direc-tion,rotationalspeed,variablespeedrequire-ment;2.thesequenceandstepsofactexecution,whetheritneedsthecheekupbetweenthesteps;3.Thedegreepermittingmanparticipatein;4.Themotionprecisionoftheexecutivemechanism.Ithasrelationswiththematedsequenceoftheexecutivemechanism.Highprecisemotionneedsselectthemechanismwhichcanprecise-lypractisethemotionpattern.Itdirectlyre-latestothecomplexityofmechanism.theboundarybe-tweenmachineandenvironment1.Inputboundary:theloadtype,thebound-aryofinputmechanism;2.Outputboundary;unloadtype,thebound-aryofoutputmechanism;3.Conditionoffittedparts:volume,manualoperation,others;4.Theboundarybetweenmanandcontrol-lingunits:thedegreeofautomaticcontrol,theanalysisofsuitability,manualmanipulation;5.Auxiliaryserviceboundary;electronic,air,oil,water,wastetreatment(duringmanu-facturing);6.Physicalenvironment:temperature,hu-midity,cleanlinesslevel;7.ThesecuritydevicesofthemachineWhethertheloadiscontinuousorintermit-tent,theoutputmotionisevenspeedorun-evenspeed,themotionpatternisstraightlineorpredeterminedcurveetc.whichallhavecloserelationswiththeworkingprincipleandtype-selectingofmechanism.automaticcontrollevelhasdirectrelationswiththecomplexityofthemechanism.Inordertopreventthepo-lution,thedrinkingandfoodmechanismstodon'tuseliquid-powe