初中英语语法--主谓一致详解+练习

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1初中英语语法之主谓一致主谓一致常考点:1.单数名词(代词),不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式,复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数形式。ThedeskisTom’s.这张桌子是汤姆的。Somewaterisinthebottle.一些水在瓶子里。Thestudentsareplayingfootballontheplayground.学生正在操场上踢足球.2.动词不定式,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.做眼保健操对眼睛有好处。Readingnewspapersandmagazinesisgoodforourstudy.读书和看报纸对学习有好处。(虽然newspapersandmagazines为复数,但是句子的主语是reading,所以动词依旧是is)Eatingcandiesandchocolatesisbadforourteeth.吃糖和巧克力对牙齿不好。(同理,虽然candiesandchocolates为复数,但是句子的主语是eating,所以动词依旧是is)3.“manya+单数名词”(许多)或者“morethanone+单数名词”(超过一个)作主语,意义虽然是复数,但谓语要用单数形式。ManyastudenthasbeentoShanghai.许多学生到过上海。Manyastudentlikesreading.许多学生喜欢阅读。Morethanonestudenthasfailedtheexam.不止一个学生考试不及格MorethanonestudenthaseverbeentoBeijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。4.表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。Twomonthsisalongholiday.两个月是一个长假。Twentypoundsisn’tsoheavy.20磅并不太重。Tenmilesisn’talongdistance.10英里并不是一段很长的距离。Twothousanddollarsisalargesumofmoney.2000美金是很大一笔钱5.主语为oneof,eachof等加复数名词或代词,谓语用单数。如:Oneofmyfavoritesportsisbasketball.Oneofthestudentsisreading.EachofthemhasanEnglishdictionary.6.each,either,neither,another,theother+名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。Eachstudenthashisowndictionary.Eitheransweriscorrect.两个答案中有一个是正确的。Neitheransweriscorrect两个答案都不正确。Anothersolution(解决的办法)totheproblemisneeded.Onestudentisreadingwhiletheotherstudentisreading.7.不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing作主语,谓语动词用单数。2Iseveryoneheretoday?今天大家到齐了吗?Somethingiswrongwithhim.他有毛病。Nobodywasintheclassroom.没人在教室。8.有些以—s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如news,maths,physics等。Nonewsisgoodnews.没有消息就是好消息。Mathsisverypopularinourclass在我们班数学很受欢迎。某些以-s结尾的地理名称,例如国名,如theUnitedStates,theNetherlands等,或者是组织名字:theUnitedNations(联合国),谓语动词用作单数。TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.美国是一个发达国家。TheUnitedNationsisaninternationalorganization9.由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;Bothhisfatherandhismotherarebothteachers.他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。10.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式Swimmingandwalkingaregoodexercises.Readingnewspapersandtakingawalkafterdinneraregoodhabits.例外:①and所连接的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)Thewriterandteacheriscoming.那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)Thebreadandthebutteraretheirmainfood.(面包和黄油作为两种独立的食物)Thebreadandbutterishisfavoritefood.(抹了黄油的面包这一种食物)Aknifeandforkisonthetable.(这个里面knife和fork是一套餐具,算一个整体)Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabit.②every,each,no,manya做定语时,即使用and连接两个主语,谓语也用单数.Noteacherand(no)studenthasseenthefilm.Nofoodand(no)waterisinthehouse.Eachboyand(each)girlhasgotaseat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。Everyboyand(every)girlhasgotaseat.Manyaboyandmanyagirlhasalreadyseenthefilm.③oneandahalf+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。Oneandahalfcakeisonthetable.11.当主语部分含有with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,besides,except,but,like等介词短语时,因为介词短语是起修饰的作用,所以谓语动词由介词短语之前的名词的单复数决定,与介词短语之后的名词无关。Thefruit(likeapples,oranges)isgoodforourhealth.(句子括号部分为修饰成分)3MikewithhisfatherhasbeentoEngland.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike,likehisbrother,enjoysplayingfootball迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。12.AorB,eitherAorB,neitherAnorB,notonlyAbutalsoB,notAbutB,谓语动词的单复数采用就近原则Theteacherorthestudentsaregoingtothemuseum.Istheteacherorthestudentsgoingtothemuseum?EithermywifeorIamgoing.Neitheryou,norI,noranyoneelseknowstheanswer.Notonlyyoubutalsoheisreadytoleave.Nottheteacherbutthestudentsaregoingtothemuseum.a/an+单数名词+ortwo作主语,谓语动词用单数。Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam.一两个学生考试不及格。13.以here,there开头的句子,若主语在两个或两个以上,谓语动词通常与最近的主语一致。Thereisabookandthreepensonthedesk.Herecomesthebusthecars.14.如果主语是由“aseriesof,akindof,aportionof等+名词”构成时,动词一般用单数形式。但“avarietyof,anumberof+名词复数”,表示“许多”,动词要用复数形式。Aseriesoftapshasbeenpreparedforlanguagelaboratoryuse.一系列磁带已备好在语音室使用Avarietyofbooksarelistedontheshelf.区别:anumberof+复数名词“许多…”表示复数;thenumberof+复数名词“…的数字”表示单数。Anumberoffamouspeoplewereinvitedtoparty.许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。Thenumberofthestudentsisovereighthundred.我们学校的学生数超过800人。当kindof,pairof,glassof等短语修饰主语时,谓语与kind,pair,glass等一致。Thispairoftrousersisverynew,butTom’strousersareveryold.Therearetwoglassesofwateronthetable.桌上有两杯水。15.①people,cattle,police等集体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,Thepolice(警方)aresearchingfortherobbers.Peoplehereareveryfriendly.②family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,若指具体的所有成员时,谓语动词复数形式。Hisfamilyisn’tlarge.表示“家庭”,他家的人不多。MyfamilyalllikewatchingTV.表示“家人”,我们一家人都喜欢看电视。③“定冠词+姓氏复数形式”表示一家人时,谓语一般用复数。4TheSmithsarehavingdinner.史密斯一家人正在吃饭。16.the+形容词表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式(常考)表示抽象概念时,用单数形式(这个考得比较少)Thepoor(=poorpeople)areveryhappy,butthericharesad.Thebeautiful(=beauty表示“美”这个抽象的概念)livesforever.美是永存的。17.单、复数同形的名词如sheep;deer;means作主语时,谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。Asheepisoverthere.Somesheepareoverthere.Everymeanshasbeentried.18.allof/mostof/halfof/therestof/themajorityof+名词,lotsof/alotof/plentyof+名词,分数/百分数+名词作主语,谓语动词由of后面的名词的数保持一致。Allofmystudentsworkhard.Alloftheoilisgone.Two-thirdsofthestudentsarereading.Themajorityofthestudentslikepotatoes.如果主语由onein/oneoutof+复数名词构成,在正式语体中,动词用单数。Oneintenstudentshaspassedtheexamination.Oneoutoftwelvebottleswasleft.19.定语从句中关系代词who、that、which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。Ilikethemusicthatisinteresting.Ilikethepeoplewhoarefriendly.注意区别:Lilyisone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