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Participle现在分词形式过去分词形式一般式doingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone现在分词:表示动作是主动的和正在进行过去分词:表示动作是被动的和完成分词的结构3.作宾语补足语2.作定语4.作状语1.作表语分词在句中可作的成分•P59依次分析每句话中，分词作什么成分：1.定语2.原因状语3.定语4.宾补5.伴随状语6.原因状语I.Pastparticipleusedasattributes（定语）1.位置:单个分词位于名词前，短语则在名词后,被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语。Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.Thespeakeransweredallthequestionsraisedbytheaudience.2.作用---相当于一个定语从句（2）Thebook,writtenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.=Isthereanythingthathasbeenplannedfortonight?（1）Isthereanythingplannedfortonight？=Thebook,whichwaswrittenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.考点：分词的进行式表示动作正在进行•试比较：1.Theproblemdiscussedyesterdayhassomethingtodowithdailylife.（表示完成）2.Theproblembeingdiscussednowhasnothingtodowithdailylife.（表示正在进行）三级链接1.Thenewairpot(build)_________nowis30milesawayfromthecityandismuchlargerthanoldone.答案：beingbuilt.空格处需用现在分词的被动语态来表示被动和正在进行的动作，且在句中作定语，修饰先行词airport.2.TheOlympicGames,_______in776B.C.,didnotinludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.playsB.toplayC.playingD.played答案：D。本题考查非谓语动词。分词短语做后置定语，与所修饰的词有被动或动宾的关系，只能用过去分词。考点：现在分词通常用来修饰物；过去分词通常用来修饰人或与人感情色彩、面部表情相关的词。•aninterestingstory;•asurprisedlookanexcitingfootballmatch;agroupofexcitedfootballfansashockingnews;ashockedface常见的这类此有：interesting—interestedencouraging—encourageddelighting—delighteddisappointing—disappointedpleasing—pleasedpuzzling—puzzledsatisfying—satisfiedsurprising—surprisedworrying--worriedII.Pastparticiplesusedaspredictive（表语）1.过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。Thewindowisbroken.Theinnergatewaslocked.Shewasgreatlyexcited.2.与现在分词作表语的区别：现在分词：主语的特征或性质，“令人…”，有主动意思。e.g.Howdisappointingtheelectionis!过去分词：主语的感受，“感到…”，有被动意思。e.g.Theyfeeldisappointedattheelection.三级链接1.Shelooked_______(tire)withcooking.答案：tired,过去分词修饰人物。“她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦”。2.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot_______frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed答案:A.此题中的“got+separated”表示状态，separated为过去分词作表语。“get/beseparated”常与from连用，故答案为A.III.PastparticipleusedastheObjectComplement(宾语补足语)1.表“希望，要求”的动词：want,wish,expect,wish,like,order+(tobe)done表示“希望/要求某人或某事被…”e.g.Iwantthework(tobe)finishedbySunday.Jimorderedtheroom(tobe)cleaned.2.表“感觉，心理状态”的动词：see,hear,find,feel,think,watch,notice+object(宾语)+p.p3.使役动词和类似使役动词的动词:make,get,have,keep,leave,etc.+p.p考点：过去分词,不定式,现在分词作宾补的区别。三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，•但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系，•不带to的不定式强调动作发生的全过程，•现在分词强调他们之间的主动关系，正在•进行。试比较：Isawhercomeintotheclassroom.（强调看见进入教室这个动作的全过程）Isawhercomingintotheclassroom.（强调看见进入教室这个动作正在发生的瞬间。）Isawhertakenoutoftheclassroom.（强调动作take和主语her之间的被动关系。）三级链接1.Wesawthethief________(catch)bythepolice.答案：caught.2.Peoplefoundthewater________.（pollute）答案：polluted3.Haveyouheardapopsong________（sing）inJapanese?答案：sung4.Hehadhiswatch__________(repair).答案：repaired.4.with/without＋宾语＋宾补(过去分词)当这一动词（及物动词）和with后的宾语在逻辑上是被动关系，而且该动作已经发生过了，动词必须用过去分词。1.Doyouknowthemanwithhishairtiedback?你看见那个扎辫子的男人没？2.Thefellowstoodtherewithhishandscrossed.这个家伙两手交叉，站在那里。3.Thepeasantshaveagoodharvestwithallthecropsgotin.庄稼都收割了，农民们有了一个好收成。4.Withthehomeworkfinished,Iwenttobed.做完作业，我就上床睡觉了。三级链接Thepolicemankepthiseyes____onthescreenofthecomputertoidentifythecriminal’sfootprints.(2006年12月真题)A.fixedB.fixingC.beingfixedD.tofix答案：A。本题考查分词做宾补，eyes和fix之间是被动关系，故选A。IV.PastparticipleusedastheAdverbial(状语)过去分词作状语相当于状语从句。e.g.1.Askedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.过去分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句(Whenhewas)askedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.e.g.2.Givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.过去分词作条件状语相当于条件状语从句(IfIam)givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.e.g.3.Bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.过去分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句(Becausehewas)bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.e.g.4.Defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.过去分词作让步状语相当于让步状语从句(Althoughtheyhadbeen)defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.e.g.5.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofstudents.表示方式和伴随情况时可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。Theteacherenteredtheclassroom(andhewasfollowed)byagroupofstudent.过去分词作状语时,为了使意义更加明确,也可以在pp.前加上对应的连词when,as,if等等.4.Althoughdefeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.3.As/Becausebornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.2.Ifgivenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.1.Whenaskedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.注意：带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式.注意：1）现在分词与过去分词作状语时的区别_______________London(夜里参观伦敦)atnight,youareabitlikeinadream.____________(当有人夜里来访)atnight,youmustmakesurethevisitorreallyyourfriend.WhenvisitingWhenvisited选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。_____________________________(写完了所有的信之后)，Ihadadrinkandwentout.Havingfinishedallmyletters___________(信写完之后)，thelettershouldbereadtotheonewhoasksyoutowriteit.Finished从山顶看，我们能看到一个美丽的公园。从山顶看，公园很美丽。Seeingfromthetopofthehill,wecanseeabeautifulpark.Seenfromthetopofthehill,theparkisbeautiful.____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(lose)______inwhite,shelooksmorebeautiful.(dress)belostin；bedressedin；beinterestedin；bedevotedto；besupposedto；becaughtintherain；beseatedin；bepreparedfor；bedeterminedtoLost2.系表结构表示主语所处的状态Dressed类似的还有：•generallyspeaking一般说来,•Given鉴于,•judgingfrom/by根据…来看,固定用法：•Considering•考虑到,•supposingthat•假如,•talkingof•说到,•seeing(that)•鉴于，由于三级链接1.Theresearchgrouphassubmittedareport,(sugg