APA_Formatting_and_Style_Guide

APAFormattingandStyleGuideWhatisAPA?APA(AmericanPsychologicalAssociation)isthemostcommonlyusedformatformanuscriptsintheSocialSciences.WhatdoesAPAregulate?APAregulates:StylisticsIn-textcitationsReferences(alistofallsourcesusedinthepaper)APAstylistics:BasicsthethirdpersonpointofviewratherthanusingthefirstpersonpointofvieworthepassivevoiceThestudyshowedthat…,NOTIfoundoutthat….theactivevoiceratherthanpassivevoiceTheparticipantsresponded…,NOTTheparticipantshavebeenasked….Use:PointofviewandvoiceinanAPApaperclear:bespecificindescriptionsandexplanationsconcise:condenseinformationwhenyoucanplain:usesimple,descriptiveadjectivesandminimizethefigurativelanguageLanguageinanAPApaperis:APAstylistics:LanguageTypesofAPAPapersTheliteraturereview:thesummaryofwhatthescientificliteraturesaysaboutthetopicofyourresearch–includestitlepage,introduction,listofreferencesTheexperimentalreport:thedescriptionofyourexperimentalresearch--includestitlepage,abstract,introduction,method,results,discussion,references,appendices,tables&figuresTypesofAPAPapersfollowthegeneralformatconsulttheinstructorconsultPublicationManualIfyourpaperfitsneitherofthecategoriesabove,GeneralFormatbetyped,double-spaced,withtwospacesafterpunctuationbetweensentencesonstandard-sizedpaper(8.5”x11”)with1”marginsonallsidesin10-12pt.TimesNewRomanorasimilarfontincludeapageheader(title)intheupperleft-handofeverypageandapagenumberintheupperright-handsideofeverypageYouressayshould:ReferencesMainBodyAbstractGeneralFormat(cont’d)TitlepageYouressayshouldincludefourmajorsections:TitlePagePageheader:(useInsertPageHeader)titleflushleft+pagenumberflushright.Title:(intheupperhalfofthepage,centered)name(notitleordegree)+affiliation(university,etc.)AbstractPagePageheader:doNOTinclude“Runninghead:”Abstract(centered,atthetopofthepage)Writeabrief(between150and250words)summaryofyourpaperinanaccurate,concise,andspecificmanner.Shouldcontain:atresearchtopic,researchquestions,participants,methods,results,dataanalysis,andconclusions.Mayalsoincludepossibleimplicationsofyourresearchandfutureworkyouseeconnectedwithyourfindings.Mayalsoincludekeywords.MainBody(Text)Thefirsttextpageispagenumber3Typethetitleofthepapercentered,atthetopofthepageTypethetextdouble-spacedwithallsectionsfollowingeachotherwithoutabreakIdentifythesourcesyouuseinthepaperinparentheticalin-textcitationsFormattablesandfiguresReferencesPageCenterthetitle–References--atthetopofthepageDouble-spacereferenceentriesFlushleftthefirstlineoftheentryandindentsubsequentlinesOrderentriesalphabeticallybytheauthor’ssurnamesDoNOTinclude“Runninghead:”intheheaderafterthetitlepage!References:BasicsInvertauthors’names(lastnamefirstfollowedbyinitials).Alphabetizereferencelistentriesthelastnameofthefirstauthorofeachwork.Capitalizeonlythefirstletterofthefirstwordofatitleandsubtitle,thefirstwordafteracolonoradashinthetitle,andpropernouns.Donotcapitalizethefirstletterofthesecondwordinahyphenatedcompoundword.References:Basics(cont’d)Capitalizeallmajorwordsinjournaltitles.Italicizetitlesoflongerworkssuchasbooksandjournals.Donotitalicize,underline,orputquotesaroundthetitlesofshorterworkssuchasjournalarticlesoressaysineditedcollections.MakingthereferenceslistIdentifyatypesource:Isitabook?Ajournalarticle?Awebpage?FindasampleofcitingthistypeofsourceinthetextbookorintheOWLAPAGuide.“Mirror”thesample.Makesurethattheentriesarelistedinthealphabeticalorderandthesubsequentlinesareindented(RecallReferences:basics).APAisacomplexsystemofcitation,whichisdifficulttokeepinmind.Whencompilingthereferencelist,thestrategybelowmightbeuseful:In-textCitations:Basicstheauthor’snameandthedateofpublicationforquotationsandcloseparaphrases,provideapagenumberaswellWheneveryouuseasource,provideinparenthesis:In-textcitationshelpreaderslocatethecitedsourceintheReferencessectionofthepaper.In-textCitations:FormatforaquotationCaruth(1996)statesthatatraumaticresponsefrequentlyentailsa“delayed,uncontrolledrepetitiveappearanceofhallucinationsandotherintrusivephenomena”(p.11).Atraumaticresponsefrequentlyentailsa“delayed,uncontrolledrepetitiveappearanceofhallucinationsandotherintrusivephenomena”(Caruth,1996,p.11).Whenquoting,introducethequotationwithasignalphrase.Makesuretoincludetheauthor’sname,theyearofpublication,thepagenumber,butkeepthecitationbrief—donotrepeattheinformation.In-textCitations:Formatforasummaryorparaphraseprovidetheauthor’slastnameandtheyearofpublicationinparenthesisafterasummaryoraparaphrase:Thoughfeministstudiesfocussolelyonwomen'sexperiences,theyerrbycollectivelyperpetuatingthemasculine-centeredimpressions(Fussell,1975).Thereareseveralformatsforasummaryorparaphrase:In-textCitations:Formatforasummaryorparaphraseincludetheauthor’snameinasignalphrasefollowedbytheyearofpublicationinparenthesis:Recently,thehistoryofwarfarehasbeensignificantlyrevisedbyHigonnetetal.(1987),Marcus(1989),andRaittandTate(1997)toincludewomen’spersonalandculturalresponsestobattleanditsresultanttraumaticeffects.Formatsforasummaryorparaphrase(cont’d):In-textCit