英国文学Charlotte-Bronte

LessonThreeⅠReviewTaskJaneAusten’s6greatworksSenseandSensibility(1811)PrideandPrejudice(1813)MansfieldPark(1814)Emma(1815)NorthangerAbbey(1818)(posthumouslypublished)Persuasion(1818)(posthumouslypublished)JaneAusten’swritingfeatures*Settings:Herworksaresetamongthelandedgentry*Herworksarefullofbitingironyandsocialcommentary*Mainconcerns:humanbeingsintheirpersonalrelations.*Majorcharacters:women.Shedealswithhercharacterswithintensityyetwithdetachment,withoutsentimentalism.*Framework:storiesofloveandmarriage.JaneAusten’sartisticpointsofview*Shetriestoexpressadiscriminatedandseriouscriticismoflifeandtoexposethefolliesandillusionofmankind.*Shebelievesinthepredominanceofreasonoverpassion.*Instyle,sheisaneo-classicismadvocatorandbelievesinorder,reason,accuracyandgracefulness.ⅡCharlotteBronte(1816----1855)1.LifeHerpenname:CurrerBellHerhusband:ArthurBellNicholls,herfather’scurate.ElizabethGaskellwrotethefirstbiographyofCharlotte.2.EducationClergyDaughters’School→LowoodSchoolinJaneEyreIn1842,CharlotteandEmilytravelledtoBrussels,BelgiumtoenrolattheboardingschoolrunbyConstantinHeger.*CharlottereturnedalonetoBrusselsin1843.(thesecondstaywasnothappy)*theexperienceinBrusselsbecametheinspirationforsomeoftheeventsinTheProfessorandVillette.3.WorksPoetryPoemsbyCurrer,Ellis,andActonBell(1846)NovelsTheProfessor*submittedalongwithWutheringHeightsandAgnesGrey*rejectedbymanypublishinghouses,publishedposthumouslyin1857JaneEyre(1847)ShirleyVillette*theme:isolationandtheinternalconflictbroughtaboutbysocialrepressionofindividualdesireⅣJaneEyre1.BildungsromangenreExperiences:growthtoadulthood→herloveforMr.Rochester,thebyronicmasteroffictitiousThornfieldHallByronichero:Aproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin,whichissavariantoftheRomanticheroasatypeofcharacter,namedaftertheEnglishRomanticpoetLordByron.2.CharactersJaneEyre:Janeispassionateandstronglyprincipled,andvaluesfreedomandindependence.EdwardRochester:ThemasterofThornfieldHall.(aByronichero)BerthaMason:TheviolentlyinsanefirstwifeofEdwardRochester,movedtoThornfieldandlockedintheatticandeventuallycommitssuicideaftersettingfiretoThornfieldHall.St.JohnRivers:AclergymanwhobefriendsJaneandturnsouttobehercousin.Heisthoroughlypracticalandsuppressesallhishumanpassionsandemotionsinfavourofgoodworks.HeisdeterminedtogotoIndiaasamissionary.3.Plot(fivestages)Jane’schildhoodatGatesheadHall,wheresheisemotionallyandphysicallyabusedbyherauntandcousins.HereducationatLowoodSchool,wheresheacquiresfriends(HelenBurns)androlemodelsbutalsosuffersprivationsandoppressions.HertimeasgovernessatThornfieldHall,whereshefallsinlovewithherByronicemployer,EdwardRochester.HertimewiththeRiversfamily,duringwhichherearnestbutcoldclergymancousin,St.JohnRivers,proposestoher.Herreunionwith,andmarriageto,herbelovedRochester.4.ThemesMorality*JanerefusestobecomeMr.Rochester’sparamourbecauseofher“impassionedself-respectandmoralconviction”*JanerejectsSt.JohnRivers’religiousfervourasmuchasthelibertineaspectsofMr.Rochester’scharacter.Janeworksoutamoralityexpressedinlove,independence,andforgiveness.Godandreligion“conventionalityisnotmorality”and“self-righteousnessisnotreligion”(preface)*Mr.Brocklehurst,whooverseesLowoodInstitution,isahypocriticalChristian.*HelenBurnsfollowstheChristiancreedof“turningtheothercheek”andbylovingthosewhohateher.*JaneisseenfrequentlyprayingandcallingonGodtoassisther,especiallywithherstrugglesconcerningMr.Rochester;prayingforhiswellnessandsafety.*Mr.RochesterisalessthanperfectChristian.1.Heisasinner.(enteringintobigamousmarriagewithJane;havinghadsomemistresses)2.Hebegsforsalvation.(askingGodforreturningJane)Hisatonement:hismaimingandblindness.Thepartialrecoveryofhissightwasduetohisrepentance.SocialClass“...Itismyspiritthataddressesyourspirit;justasifbothhadpassedthroughthegrave,andwestoodatGod’sfeet,equal,----asweare!”*agoverness(middleclass)*sherespectfullydeferstoRochesterandhisguestsfromtheupperclass.*sheasksthehousemaidtogetheracandleratherthangetitherself.*shehasaservantgirlwhensheisschoolmistressatthesmallvillageschool.Genderrelations(patriarchalsociety)*Janeattemptstoassertherownidentitywithinmale-dominatedsociety.*threemenattemptstokeepJaneinasubordinatepositionandpreventingherfromexpressingherownthoughtsandfeelings.(Mr.Brocklehurst;Mr.Rochester;St.John)ThroughJane,BronteopposesVictorianstereotypesaboutwomen,articulatingherownfeministphilosophy“Womenaresupposedtobeverycalmgenerally:butwomenfeeljustasmenfeel;theyneedexercisefortheirfaculties,andafieldfortheireffortsasmuchastheirbrothersdo;theysufferfromtoorigidarestraint,tooabsoluteastagnation,preciselyasmenwouldsuffer;anditisnarrow-mindedintheirmoreprivilegedfellow-creaturestosaythattheyoughttoconfinethemselvestomakingpuddingsandknittingstockings,toplayingonthepianoandembroideringbags.Itisthoughtlesstocondemnthem,orlaughatthem,iftheyseektodomoreorlearnmorethancustomhaspronouncednecessaryfortheirsex.”Firstpersonperspective*Masonwasmadeinsane.FeminismSearchforHome5.BiographicalelementsLowoodschool→ClergyDaughter’sschoo