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Readagainandanswerthequestions.1.WhydoestheEnglishlanguagehavesomanyrulesthatconfusedpeople?BecauseitismadeupofthegrammarandvocabularythatpeoplefromdifferentcountriesandculturesbroughtwiththemtoBritain.Part11.allthroughhistory在整个历史进程中2.TheEnglishlanguageismadeupofthegrammarandvocabularythesepeoplebroughttoBritain.3.ThatiswhyEnglishhassomanydifficultrulesthatconfusepeople.英语是由进入不列颠的人群所说语言的规则和词汇构成的Part2OldEnglishTimechart10thendof9ththenbefore5theventslanguageoccupiedbythetwoGermanicgroupstheVikingsbegantomovetobecameofficiallanguageSpokeCelticOldEnglish2.WhycanwordswithsimilarmeaningsbefoundintheEnglishlanguage?Thesewordswithsimilarmeaningsdevelopedbecauseeachwordcamefromadifferentlanguage.1.bedifferentfrom2.consistof3.benamedafter4.asidefrom5.attheendof6.mixwith7.bythe10thcentury8.feelpuzzledabout9.Thisisbeacuse...1.和...不同2.由...组成3.以...命名4.除了5.在...结束时6.与…混合7.到10世纪为止8.对…感到困惑9.这是因为...Part21.OldEnglishconsistedofamixtureoftheirlanguages.2.WhenwespeakEnglishtoday,wesometimesfeelpuzzledaboutwhichwordsorphrasestouse3.Thatisbecause……=bemadeupof包含无进行，无被动=weshoulduse•区别：•Thatiswhy------中，why引导的表语从句表示结果。•Thatisbecause-----中，because引导的表语从句表示原因。•Jackwaslateforclasstoday._________hegotuplatethismorning.Jackgotuplatethismorning.__________hewaslateforclasstoday.ThatisbecauseThatiswhy•4.Forexample,thewordsickcamefromawordonceusedbytheAnglesandtheSaxons,whileillcamefromawordonceusedbytheNorwegians.•while并列连词；表示转折、对比关系：然而；而•Mikeisstrongwhilehisbrotherisweak.•Thereisplentyofraininthesoutheastwhilethereislittleinthenorthwest.Part3MiddleEnglishIn1066Bythelatterhalfofthe14thcenturyIn1399EnglishhadcomeintowidespreaduseamongallclassesinEngland.HenryIVbecameKingofEnglandandusedEnglishforallofficialevents.TimeEventsTheNormansdefeatedEnglandandtookcontrolofthecountry.3.WhomadethegreatestcontributiontothedevelopmentfromOldEnglishtoMiddleEnglish?TheFrench-speakingNormans,whotookcontrolofEnglandin1066.4.WhyaremanyofthewordsforanimalsdifferentfromthoseformeatinEnglish?ThewordsfortheanimalscamefromOldEnglish,whilethewordsforthemeatcamefromOldFrench.Thewordforthemeat:Thewordfortheanimal:beefmuttonpork/baconpigsheepox/cow1.playapartin...2.aFrench-speakingpeople3.defeat/beatsb.4.takecontrolof5.leadto6.ontheotherhand7.resultin8.workas9.makecontributionsto10.wayofdoing11.insteadof12.begindoing13.add...to...14.bythelatterhalfof15.comeintouse1.在...中起到作用2.一个说法语的民族3.击败某人4.控制5.导致，通向6.另一方面7.导致8.任...职，当...9.对...做出贡献10.做某事的方式11.代替，而不是12.开始做某事13.把...加到...里面14.到...下半叶15.开始被使用However,theNormanConquestdidnotaffectEnglishasmuchastheAnglesandtheSaxon'svitoryabout600yearsearlier,whichledtoOldEnglishreplacingCeltic.EventhoughtheNormansspokeFrenchfortheentire250yearstheyruledEngland,FrenchdidnotreplaceEnglishasthefirstlanguage.TranslationPart31.MiddleEnglishisthenamegiventotheEnglishusedfromaround12thto15thcenturies.2.Ontheotherhand,theEnglishlanguagedidborrowmanywordsfromFrench.3.ThatiswhyEnglishhassomanydifficultrulesthatconfusepeople.resultinV.结果是;导致(=leadto/cause)resultfrom(=becauseof/dueto)起因于；由……造成Hislazinessresultedinhisfailure.Hisfailureresultedlargelyfromhislaziness.Trueorfalse:1.Priceshavebeenrisenup.2.Thesunraisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.3.Jackwasraisedbyhisauntafterhisparentspassedaway.raisedrisesFFTHowever,bythelatterhalfofthe14thcentury,EnglishhadcomeintowidespreaduseamongallclassesinEngland.(P23)然而，到了14世纪后半叶时，英语已经开始在英国各阶层中广泛使用。comeintouse开始使用【归纳】by表示“到……时为止”时by+现在时间现在完成时（have/hasdone)by+过去时间过去完成时（haddone)by+将来时间将来完成时（willhavedone)Part4ModernEnglishDuringtheRenaissanceinthe16thcenturyModernEnglishappeared.TimeEvents1.becauseof2.gothrough3.duringthisperiod4.keepdoing5.keepondoing6.inthefuture7.Itiscertainthat...1.因为，由于2.经历，通过3.在这个时期期间4.一直做某事5.继续做某事6将来7....是确定的，毋庸置疑•1.ThequestionofwhetherEnglishwillcontinuechanginginthefutureiseasytoanswer.•“主语+系动词+表语+todo”的结构中，动词不定式通常以主动形式表示被动含义。•Theproblemisdifficulttoanswer.•Theroomiscomfortabletolivein.2.It’scertainthat…肯定,一定（是常见句型，此句型中，it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语It’scertainthathewillcometomorrow.becertaintodosth.一定会做----Heiscertaintoliveto80.becertainof/about对---有把握，确信Theyarecertainofsuccess.=Theyarecertainthattheywillsucceed.