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1/12一、冠词◆热点考点：第1类：不定冠词a与an的区别第2类：特指与泛指第3类：习语中的冠词第4类：不用冠词的情况第5类：基数词、序数词、分数词、百分数、年月日、钟点、年龄的基本用法第6类：不定数量词、约数词的表达第1类：不定冠词a与an的区别。例题(1)：07广一模“语法填空”Iworkedpart-timeandboughther38expensivegiftboxofSichuanbeef.例题(3)：07深一模“语法填空”Inthedayswhenanicecreamcostmuchless,Tom,318-year-oldboy,enteredahotelcoffeeshop32satatatable.例题(4)：09深一模“语法填空”Oneday,abouttenyearsago,whileworkingatthecashregisterinthegiftshopatmyUniversityMuseumofNaturalHistory,Isaw31elderlycouplecomeinwithalittlegirlinawheelchair.例题(7)：09年广东高考“基础写作”Lastweekend,Ihad______interviewwithProfessorWang,______eye-doctor,concerningtheissueofshort-sightednessofschoolchildreninChina.第2类：特指与泛指。例题(1)：（07年广东高考试题“语法填空”）theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto___35___smalltownsome20kilometresaway…例题(2)：（09年广东高考试题“语法填空”）Ayoungman,whiletravelingthroughadesert,cameacrossaspringofclearwater.31waterwassweet.第3类：习语中的冠词。例题(1)：（08年广东高考“基础写作”）Shooting,simplyameansofmaking_____living,developedintoakindofsportattheendofthe19thcentury.第4类：不用冠词的情况。2/12例题(1)：（11年广东高考“基础写作”）(3)最新消息：17岁的大女儿已被哈佛和耶鲁录取…her17-year-oldelderdaughterwaslatelyreportedtohavegotoffersfromboth_____Harvardand_____YaleUniversity.第5类：基数词、序数词、分数词、百分数、年月日、钟点、年龄的基本用法。一年十二个月：（开头字母一定要大写）JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember一年四季：springsummerautumn/fallwinter一个星期七天：（开头字母一定要大写）SundayMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturday◆热点过关I.完成句子1．（07广一模）ThenIwenttothedepartmentstorewhereIworkedpart-timeandboughther38expensivegiftboxofSichuanbeef.2．（07广二模）ButmymoodquicklychangedwhenIsaw36question.4．（10广一模）Sixteenof37twenty-sevennationsintheEuropeanUnionuseeuroastheircurrency.5.（07深一模）Inthedayswhenanicecreamcostmuchless,Tom,318-year-oldboy,enteredahotelcoffeeshop6.（07深二模）HetalkedabouthowIwrestledwithhimintheeveningsand37goodmanyotherthings.7.（08深二模）WhenIseeachildsubjecttothiskindofpressure,IthinkofDonnie.Hewas35shy,nervousperfectionist.3/12二、介词①表时间的介词1at,on,inat表示“在某一时刻，某一时点”Igetupat6:00everyday.※atdaybreak在黎明；atnoon在中午；atnight在夜间；atChristmas在圣诞节期间；attheageoffive在五岁时on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”Iheardashoton(themorningof)March18.Wedon’thaveclassesonSunday.in表示“在某世纪、年、季度、月、周”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上inthe20thcentury；in1999；inwinter；inSeptember；inthemorning/afternoon/evening2for,during,throughfor后接“一段时间”，表示某事持续多久，多与完成时连用Shehasbeenillforseveraldays.during表示“在……期间”IwenttoFrancefortwoweeksduringthesummerthrough表示“一直……，自始至终”Theyworkedhardthroughthewinter.3from,sincefrom表示“时间的起点”，常见短语“from…to/till…”YoucancomeanytimefromMondaytoFriday.since表示“自从……以来（暗示直到现在）Hehasbeenawayfromhomesince1973.Wehaveknowneachothersincetenyearsago.※for和since都常与完成时连用，但for接时间段，since接时间点。如fortwohours；sincelastweek4before,by,till,untilbefore指“在……之前”，与after相对Pleasecomebeforeteno’clock.by指“不迟于，到……时为止，在……以前”Wehadlearnedover1000wordsbytheendoflastterm.Wewillhavelearned2000Englishwordsbytheendofthisterm.4/12※by后接过去时间，常与过去完成时连用；by后接将来时间，常与将来完成时连用till(until)“直到……为止”Youmustwaitforhimtilltomorrow.※在肯定句中，till/until必须与延续动词连用；在否定句中，till/until常与非延续性动词连用Ididn’tgotobeduntil12o’clock.5after,in,withinafter表示“在……之后”，是before的反义词Hegotacanceranddiedafterayear.Themeetingwillendafter3:00pm.within“在……时间之内”Icanfinishitwithinanhour.※after与in都可表示“在……之后”，但after后可跟时间段，也可跟时间点；而in后必须跟时间段。after既可用于将来时，也可用于过去时，而in只能用于将来时。I’llarriveinanhour.②表地点的介词1in,outside,between,amongin在……里面Sheputherbookinthedesk.outside在……外面Whatdidyouseeoutsidethehall?between在……之间（指二者）Thebuildingstandsbetweentheparkandthesmallriver.among在……之间（指多者）“Thereisathiefamongyou.”thepolicemanshoutedtothecrowd.※among后往往接笼统的人和事物，若需接具体的人或数目时，即使是指多者，也用between，此时一般有and连接，可理解为多者中任何两者之间。SwitzerlandliesbetweenFrance,Germany,AustriaandItaly.2on,above,over,below,underon表示“在……上面”，表面相互接触Thereisabookonthedesk.above表示“在……上方，位置高出……”，与below相对5/12TheTurnersliveaboveus.over表示“在……正上方”，与under相对。Thepictureishangingovertheblackboard.below表示“在……下方，低于……”Herskirtreachesjustbelowherknees.under表示“在……正下方”Theysatunderabigtree,drinking.3near,by,besidenear表示“在……附近”Myhomeisneartheschool.by=beside,表示“靠近，在……旁边”，比near距离更近Hejustsatby/besidemeinthecinema.4infrontof,behind,aroundinfrontof表示“在……前面”，指在外部Thereisatalltreeinfrontofourclassroom.比较：inthefrontof表示“在……前部”，指在内部Thereisaredchairinthefrontoftheroom.behind表示“在……后面”Ahighbuildingstandsbehindthevillage.around表示“在……周围，围绕”Therearemanytreesaroundthevillage.5from,to,for,into,outoffrom表示“从……”ShewillflyfromBeijingtoHongkong.to表示“到……”，指目的地Theygottothetownverylate.for表示“去，向……”，指方向或去向Thetrainforshanghaihasbeenaway.※towards仅指朝着某个方向，不一定是目的地；to指到目的地；for指向目的地，且常用于leavefor;startfor等固定搭配中into表示“进入”Theteachercameintotheclassroomwithasmile.6/12比较：into由外进入到里面，是动态的；而in是指静态的位置。outof表示“从……出来”Theypulledhimoutofthewater.比较：outof是指从里面出来，是动态的；而outside是指静态的位置6along,across,through,overalong表示“沿着”街、路、河岸等线形物Thereareallkindsofbeautifulflowersalongthestreet.across表示“横穿”某一平面，或“横过”某一线形物Pipescarryoilacrossthedesert.It’sdangeroustorunacrossthebusyroad.through指从某物的内部“穿过”Ittookustenminutestodrivethroughthetunnel.over指“越过”某一障碍物Thebearwentoverthemountain.7at,inat指较小的地方，如车站、家等；而in多指在较大地方，如国家、城市、大洲等Pleasewaitformeatthebusstation.Theplanewil