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大学学士学位论文I摘要本次设计的单片机控制的智能小车，采用AT89C51单片机为小车的控制核心。运用L298芯片实现对小车前进、后退、左行、右行、以及全速和减速的控制，同时单片机会自动根据超声波传感器检测到的情况播放相对应的音乐并点亮相对应颜色的LED灯，实现了自动避障和声光报警两大功能。此外本次设计还运用液晶显示器LCD1602对小车行驶里程和实时日期、时间进行显示。在液晶显示器的第一行显示根据霍尔元件A44E获得的脉冲数而计算出的小车行驶的里程数；在液晶显示器的第二行显示从时钟芯片DS1302读取的实时日期和时间，实现了液晶显示功能。由以上各部分共同实现了设计要求的自动避障、液晶显示、声光报警三大功能。关键词：AT89C51；L298；DS1302；液晶显示大学学士学位论文IIAbstractTheAT89C51microcontmlleristakenasthecontrolcoreforthedesignofanintelligentcarinthepaper，withtheusingofL298chip,itcancontroltheautomaticadvance,backwardturnleft,turnrightandwiththespeedfullorslow,alsoitaccordingtothecaseofultrasonicsensorsdetectedplaythecorrespondingmusicandlightthecolor-codedleds.Besides,thisdesignusesLCD1602forcartripmileageandreal-timedateandtimedisplay.ThefirstrowoftheLCDdisplaythemileagewhichbasedonthenumberofpulsesthattheHallelementA44Egot.ThesecondrowofLCDdisplaythedateandtimewhichreadfromtheclockchipDS1302.Byaboveallthedesignrequestpartiallyrealizedautomaticobstacleavoidance,liquidcrystaldisplay,sound-lightalarmthreemajorfunctions.Keyword：AT89C51;L298;DS1302;liquidcrystaldisplay大学学士学位论文III目录1绪论·····································································································11.1研究背景························································································11.2选题意义························································································12整体方案设计·························································································32.1整体方案的设计思路·········································································32.2整体设计的构成图············································································33硬件的选择····························································································53.1电源模块的选择···············································································53.2电机控制模块中硬件的选择································································53.2.1电机的选择·············································································53.2.2电机控制模块的选择·································································63.3时间与里程显示模块中的硬件的选择···················································83.3.1显示器的选择··········································································83.3.2时钟芯片的选择·····································································113.3.3里程检测元件的选择·······························································153.4声光报警模块中的硬件的选择···························································163.5障碍检测模块中硬件的选择······························································183.6单片机的选择与简介·······································································184设计所用软件以及模块程序设计·······························································214.1所用软件的简介··············································································214.1.1Keil的简介···········································································214.1.2Protues的简介·······································································224.2主程序设计···················································································234.3电机控制程序设计··········································································244.4声光报警程序设计··········································································254.5显示程序设计················································································27结论········································································································29大学学士学位论文IV致谢········································································································30参考文献··································································································31附录A文献及翻译·····················································································33附录B程序清单························································································48附录C元件清单························································································64附录D电路图··························································································65大学学士学位论文11绪论1.1研究背景当今世界，传感器技术和自动控制技术正在飞速发展，机械、电气和电子信息已经不再明显分家，自动控制在工业领域中的地位已经越来越重要，“智能”这个词也已经成为了热门词汇。现在国外的自动控制和传感器技术已经达到了很高的水平，特别是日本，比如日本本田制作的机器人，其仿人双足行走已经做得十分逼真，而且具有一定的学习能力，还据说其智商已达到6岁儿童的水平。作为机械行业的代表产品—汽车，其与电子信息产业的融合速度也显著提高，呈现出两个明显的特点：一是电子装置占汽车整车（特别是轿车）的价值量比例逐步提高，汽车将由以机械产品为主向高级的机电一体化方向发展，汽车电子产业也很有可能成为依托整车制造业和用车提升配置而快速成为新的增长点；二是汽车开始向电子化、多媒体化和智能化方向发展，使其不仅作为一种代步工具、同时能具有交通、娱乐、办公和通讯等多种功能。无容置疑，机电一体化人才的培养不论是在国外还是国内，都开始重视起来，主要表现在大学生的各种大型的创新比赛，比如：亚洲广播电视联盟亚太地区机器人大赛（ABUROBCON）、全国大学生“飞思卡尔”杯智能汽车竞赛等众多重要竞赛都能很好的培养大学生对于机电一体化的兴趣与强化机电一体化的相关知识。但很现实的状况是，国内不论是在机械还是电气领域，与国外的差距还是很明显的，所以作为机械设计专业的学生，必须在自动控制方面加倍努力，提高自己的竞争力同时也提高国内产品的竞争力。为了适应机电一体化的发展在汽车智能化方向的发展要求，提出简易智能小车的构想，目的在于：通过独立设计并制作一辆具有简单智能化的简易小车，获得项目整体设计的能力，并掌握多通道多样化传感器综合控制的方法。所以立“基于单片机控制的智能小车设计”一题作为尝试。1.2选题意义在科学探索和紧急抢险中经常会遇到对与一些危险或人类不能直接到达的地域的探测，并且对所检测的情况进行显示和报警，这些就需要用机器人来完成。而在机器人大学学士学位论文2在复杂地形中行进时自动避障和智能报警是项必不可少也是最基本的功能。因此，自动避障和智能报警系统的研发就应运而生。我们的自动避障小车就是基于这一系统开发而成的。此外本设计还加入了液晶显示部分。同时本次设计可全面