大地测量学基础实习报告

大地测量学实习报告书1实习报告书题目：大地测量学基础实习学院：测绘工程学院系（部）：测绘工程系班级：姓名：学号：2014年6月28日大地测量学实习报告书2淮海工学院测绘工程学院实习报告评阅书学生姓名：学号：专业：测绘工程班级：实践教学名称：大地测量学基础实习实习时间：2014年6月16日------2014年6月29日指导教师评语：报告成绩：指导教师(签字)：年月日大地测量学实习报告书3目录序言····························································6第一章概述1.1实习名称···············································61.2实习时间及安排···········································61.3实习地点················································61.4指导教师·················································61.5实习目的及要求············································61.6实习任务及组织情况·········································71.7仪器设备与工具借用情况······································7第二章测区概况2.1测区地理位置及范围···········································72.2测区交通条件及地物特征·········································82.3测区气候状况················································9第三章已有资料的收集与利用3.1控制点坐标·················································103.2测区地形图·················································11第四章作业依据4.1测量基本要求··············································124.1.1控制网布设要求··············································124.1.2、导线网布设基本规定··········································124.1.3、导线网布设技术指标··········································124.2收集资料···············································124.3注意事项···············································12第五章平面控制测量大地测量学实习报告书45.1平面控制网的布设方案、控制网略图及论····························135.2踏勘、选点、造标、埋石方法及情况·······························145.3施测等级与技术指标·············································145.4施测过程与质量分析··········································155.4.1仪器检验··········································155.4.2观测要求及注意事项··········································155.4.2.1图根控制测量流程图·······································155.4.2.2图根控制测量方法及要求···································155.4.2.3边长计算·············································165.4.2.4测距注意事项·············································165.5数据处理、平差计算5.5.1.测量概算·········································175.5.2.平差计算·········································18第六章高程控制测量6.1二等水准网网形设计··········································196.2水准测量精度等级及技术指标···································196.3施测过程与质量分析··········································206.3.1仪器检验············································216.3.2观测方法············································226.3.3观测顺序·············································226.3.4观测要求及注意事项·········································226.4数据处理、平差计算·······································23第七章港口集团沿海测绘综合实践教育基地7.1二等水准网网形设计·········································247.2水准测量精度等级及技术指标···································24大地测量学实习报告书57.3数据处理·············································25第八章实习中发生、发现的问题及处理情况················25第九章总结体会·············································26附表1点之记附表2平面控制测量的数据处理、平差计算高程控制测量的数据处理、平差计算附表3港口集团沿海测绘综合实践教育基地观测数据处理、平差计算大地测量学实习报告书6序言大地测量学实习是《大地测量学》课程教学的重要组成部分,是巩固和深化课程所学知识的必要的环节,通过实习培养学生理论联系实际、分析问题和解决问题的能力以及实际动手操作能力，使学生具有严格认真的科学态度、实事求是的工作作风、吃苦耐劳的劳动态度以及团结协作的集体观念。同时，也使学生在业务组织能力和实际工作能力方面得到锻炼，为今后从事测绘工作打下良好基础。第一章概述1.1实习名称大地测量实习。1.2实习时间及安排时间：2014年06月16日——2014年06月16日安排：06月16日：大地测量实习动员（上午）勘察地形、控制网选点、领取仪器（下午）06月17日——06月19日：二等精密水准测量往返）06月20日——06月21日：水准测量数据处理06月22日——06月24日：全站仪Ⅰ级导线测量06月25日——06月25日：导线测量数据处理06月26日——06月27日：淮工－港口集团沿海测绘综合实践06月28日——06月30日：编写实习报告、提交实习成果1.3实习地点淮海工学院苍梧校区,淮工－港口集团沿海测绘综合实践教育基地1.4指导教师1.5实习目的及要求（1）巩固课堂教学知识，加深对《大地测量学基础》基本理论的理解；（2）熟悉并掌握较高等级大地测量的作业程序、施测方法，提高常规与先进仪器设备操作技能；（3）掌握对野外观测成果的整理、检查、归算和利用测量平差理论处理分析大地测量成果的基本技能；大地测量学实习报告书7（4）提高学生独立从事测绘工作的计划、组织与管理能力。1.6实习任务及组织情况（1）任务：1．淮工基地，二等精密水准测量工作（往返），包括外业选点观测计算及内业数据处理工作；2．淮工基地，全站仪Ⅰ级导线测量计算工作，包括导线边长及角度的测定；3、淮工－港口集团沿海测绘综合实践教育基地，全站仪Ⅰ级导线测量，二等精密水准测量；4、数据处理（观测值椭球面高斯平面）；5、实习视频（日记）与实习报告的编写。（2）组织情况：1.指导老师：董春来老师，孙佳龙老师。2.全班分成8个实习小组，每组5-6个同学，各组设组长1名，副组长1名，组长协助指导教师负责组织本小组实习任务的分工安排，副组长负责所有仪器工作的借用与保管、数据的计算分析、成果资料的收集与整理等各项具体工作。3.本小组情况：1.7仪器设备与工具借用情况1、水准仪两套：（精密自动安平水准仪一台（DSZ-2）、电子水准仪一台、脚架两个、水准尺两对、尺垫两对；）2、全站仪一套：（脚架三个、中伟全站仪一台（DJ-2）、棱镜一对、基座两个）其他：记号笔、复印实习材料及表格、打印纸、铅笔、小刀及橡皮。第二章测区概况2.1测区地理位置及范围淮工校内实习基地概况:淮海工学院苍梧校区位于江苏省连云港市新浦区。该校坐落在花果山西麓，市政府北侧，占地约2246亩。本测区中心位置为东经801190，北纬的53340，测区地面高程为+5m左右，南北长约1.5km，东西长约1km，交通方便，邻近黄海，气候宜人，人口稠密，所需人力、物力、材料均可就地解决。淮工－港口集团沿海测绘综合实践教育基地测区概况:海州湾海岸线位于太平洋西海岸，中国沿海中部黄海之滨。海岸线全长约250公里。处于青岛胶南、连云港市东部。测区内有沿海高速公路、204国道贯通，交通十分便利，测区内地势平坦，东南部最低2.6米，平均海拔高程约3.7米。测区现有的平面控制网坐标系统采用WGS-84坐标系。测区现有高程控制网系统采用85国家高程系。大地测量学实习报告书82.2测区交通条件及地物特征本组高程控制测量测区位于淮海工学院一叶湖北半侧。如下图：本组平面控制测量测区为校园内侧一周。如下图：大地测量学实习报告书9由于测区的特殊性，人流量众多，道路、河流纵横交错；楼房林立。淮工－港口集团沿海测绘综合实践教育基地测区，如下图:2.3测区气候状况淮工校内实习基地:大地测量学实习报告书10测区内在东经/24118--/48119和北纬34--/0735之间，处于暖温带与亚热带过渡地带，常年平均气温14摄氏度，空气清新湿润，冬天多西北风少雨，夏天多东南风多雨，主导风向为东南风，历年平均降水量930多毫米，雨量集中于6、7、8三个月内，常年无霜期为220天，属于典型的温带气候。夏季气温较高，一般为35℃左右，冬季有雪，但不寒冷，最低温度为-5℃，冻土线深度约为0.1m。全年平均风力为3～6级，夏季受台风影响。宜于野外作业时间为3—11月份，年平均作业时间利用率为21天／月。总而言之，测区内四季分明，温度适宜，光照充足，雨量适中。日照和风能资源为江苏省最多，也是最佳地区之一。淮工－港口集团沿海测绘综合实践教育基地测区:测区属季风特点的海洋性气候，四季分明，寒暑适宜，光照充足，雨量适中。气候温和湿润，常年平均气温14度左右，年平均降水量约910-980毫米之间，降雨期集中在7-9三个月。测区为从西至东直线距离约5公里的矩形区域。其地理坐标：东经120゜10′~120゜15′北纬34゜47′~35゜59′水文潮汐情况最高潮位6.50米，最低潮位0.45米；最大潮差6.48米，最小潮差3.39米。潮流：属不规则半日潮。第三章已有资料的收集与利用3.1控制点坐标表3-1已知控制点坐标点名X(m)Y（m）