地理专业英语

地理专业英语geography地理geographer地理学家hemisphere半球meridian子午线，经线parallel平行圈，纬线latitude经度longitude精度elevation海拔altitude高度temperatelatitudes温带地区horizon地平线equator赤道tropics热带地区Arctic北极Antarctic(Antarctica)南极expedition探险timezone时区topography地形，地形学plain平原plateau(highland)高地lowland低地basin盆地cavern(cave)洞穴terrain地域subterranean(underground)地底下coastland沿海地区island岛屿continentalisland大陆岛volcanicisland火山岛coralisland珊瑚岛islet小岛peninsular半岛continent大陆continentalshelf大陆架ranges山脉valley峡谷canyon峡谷channel(strait)海峡remote-sensing遥感的terrestrial地球的，陆地的terrestrialheat(geothermal)地热terrestrialmagnetism(geomagnetism)地磁continentaldrift大陆漂移学说sea-floorspreading海床扩展evaporation蒸发salinity含盐度oceanbottom海床sediment沉淀物，沉积物tropical热带的temperate温带的frigid寒带的formation形成frostheaving冻胀现象fieldstone卵石physicalgeography自然地理economicgeography经济地理geopolitics地理政治论ethnography民族志cosmography宇宙志cosmology宇宙论geology地理学toponymy地名学oceanography海洋学meteorology气象学orography山志学hydroaraphy水文学vegetation植被relief地形,地貌climate气候Earth地球,大地Universe,cosmos宇宙world世界globe地球仪earth,globe地壳continent大陆terrafirma陆地coast海岸archipelago群岛peninsula半岛island岛plain平原valley谷地meadow(小)草原prairie(大)草原lake湖泊pond池塘marsh,bog,swamp沼泽smalllake小湖lagoon泻湖moor,moorland荒原desert沙漠dune沙丘oasis绿洲savanna,savannah(南美)大草原virginforest原始森林steppe大草原tundra冻原ahorizon腐殖堆积层aalava块熔岩abandonedfield撩荒地abandonedlands撩荒地abandonedmine废弃矿山abandonedshoreline旧岸线aberration像差abiogenesis自然发生abioticfactor非生物因素ablation水蚀ablationmoraine消融冰碛abnormality反常aboriginal土着的abrasion海蚀abrasionplatform浪蚀台地abrasionshore浪蚀海岸abrasionsurface浪蚀面abrasionterrace海蚀阶地abrasive研磨剂abruptslope陡坡abrupttexturalchange质地突变abscissa横坐标absoluteage绝对年龄absoluteagedetermination绝对年代测定absoluteageofgroundwater地下水绝对年龄absolutealtitude绝对高度absoluteamplitude绝对振幅absolutechronology绝对年代absoluteconvergence绝对收敛absolutedating绝对年代测定absoluteerror绝对误差absoluteextremes绝对极值absolutegeochronology绝对地质年代学Wordandphrase1.core;mantle;crust地核；地幔；地壳4.continentalcrust大陆地壳5.granite;basalt花岗岩；玄武岩6.sial;sima硅铝层；硅镁层7.surfacewaves;body..面波；体波8.epicentre;focus震中；震源9.lithosphere岩石圈10.tectonicplate构造板块11.continetaldrift大陆漂移12.asthenosphere软流层13.oceanridge洋脊14.oceantrench海沟15.subduction俯冲作用16.volcanism火山作用17.foldmountain褶皱山脉18.fold;fault褶皱；断层19.sedimentaryrocks沉积岩20.vent火山口21.lava熔岩22.volcaniccones火山锥23.parasiticcone寄生火山锥24.plug岩颈25.volcanicash火山灰26.mechanicalweathering机械风化27.chemicalweathering化学风化28.freeze-thaw冻融29.pressurerelease卸荷释重30.limestone石灰岩31.hydrolysis水解作用32.quartz石英33.hydration水合作用34.oxidation氧化作用35.alluvium冲击层36.gravel砂砾37.denudation剥蚀作用38.precipitation降水39.climaticzone气候带40.mid-latitude中纬度41.semi-arid半干旱42.tropicalwet-dry热带干湿季气候43.watershed分水岭44.drainagebasin流域45.regolith风化层46.soilcreep土壤蠕动47.massmovement块体运动48.strata地层49.overlandrunoff地表径流50.sheetwash片状冲刷51.pediment山前侵蚀平原（山足面）52.rockfall山崩53.landslide滑坡54.interception截流55.evapotranspiration蒸发和蒸腾总量56.capillaryrise毛管上升57.aerationzone包气带58.overlandflow;interflow;baseflow地表径流；壤中流；地下径流59.watertable潜水面（水位）60.basinlength;area流域长度;流域面积61.tributary支流；62.trunkstream干流63.drainagedensity河网密度64.floodplain泛滥平原65.coniferoustree松树67.inselberg岛状山68.equator赤道69.monsoon季风70.stormhydrograph暴雨水文曲线71.discharge流量72.peakflow洪峰流量73.rainfallpeak降水峰值74.precipitationintensity降水强度75.landuse土地利用76.water-bornwaste水成废弃物77.heavymetal重金属78.climatology气候学79.urbanheatisland城市热岛80.deciduoustrees落叶树81.upper;middle;lowerreach上中下游82.verticalerosion下切侵蚀83.headwarderosion溯源侵蚀84.lateralerosion侧蚀85.pot-hole壶穴86.meander曲流87.ox-bowlake牛轭湖88.delta三角洲89.lakebasin湖盆90.levee天然提91.rillandgullyerosion细沟、冲沟侵蚀92.clay;silt;sand;粘土；粉砂；砂93.suspendedsediment悬浮沉积物94.atmosphericalfallout大气沉降95.laminarflow层流96.turbulentflow紊流97.riffle;pool浅滩；深槽98.channelroughness河道粗糙度99.sandbar沙坝100.thalweg中泓线101.estuary河口102.lagoon泻湖103.salinity盐度104.coastline海岸线105.dune沙丘106.suspension;saltation;creep悬移；跃移；蠕移107.duststorm尘暴108.windward;leeward迎风；背风109.prevailingwind盛行风110.deflationhollow风蚀凹地111.aridity干燥度112.tropicofcancer北回归线113.tropicofcapricorn南回归线114.gobi戈壁115.continentality大陆度116.coldoceancurrent寒流117.plateau高原118.alluvialfan冲积扇119.pediplanation山麓夷平作用120.deflation风蚀121.moraine冰碛122.glacial；interglacial冰期；间冰期123.Recent全新世124.QuaternaryEra第四纪125.periglacialperiod冰缘期126.nivation冰蚀127.earth’orbit地球轨道128.plucking挖蚀129.abrasion磨蚀130.pyramidalpeak角峰131.arete刃脊132.cirque冰斗133.horn角峰134.U-shapedvalley(trough)U型谷135.fluvioglacialdeposit冰水沉积136.drumlin鼓丘137.terminalmoraine终碛138.outwashplain冰水沉积平原139.kettlehole锅穴140.wavelength波长141.crest；trough波峰；波谷142.waveperiod周期143.wavefrequency波频144.waveheight波高145.waverefraction波浪折射146.tidalrange潮差147.stack海蚀柱148.arch海蚀拱桥149.headland海岬150.troposphere(pause);strato-;meso-;thermo-对流层（顶）、平流、中间、热成151.pressure-gradientforce气压梯度力152.isobar等压线153.sub-tropicalanticyclone副热带高压154.cirrus卷云155.cumulus积云156.stratus层云157.cumulonimbus积雨云158.convectionrain对流雨159.thunderstorm雷雨160.depression低气压161.frontalrain锋面雨162.orographicrain地形雨163.equatorialtrough赤道低压槽164.front锋165.temperatureinversion逆温166.soiltexture土壤质地167.loam壤土168.soilstructure土壤结构169.soilmoisture土壤水分170.fieldcapacity田间持水量171.cationexchangecapacity阳离子交