搜索
国际商法Internationalbusiness/commerciallaw：isthebodyofrulesandnormsthatregulatesbusinessactivitiescarriedoutsidethelegalboundariesofstates.Inparticular,itregulatesthebusinesstransactionsofprivatepersonsinternationally,andtherelationshipofinternationalcommercialorganizations.国际商法是调整跨国商事活动的法律规范的总称。它调整国际私人商事交易关系和国际商事组织间的关系.1、法的渊源sourceoflaw:refertothebodyofrulesandnormswhichjudgesandotherarbitratorswilldrawuponindecidingacase,andwheretheserulesandnormsaretobefound.(2)Thesourcesofinternationalcommerciallawincludedomesticlawandinternationallaw.1.Domesticlaw:constitutionallaw、statutelaw、administrativelaw、caselaw2.Internationallaw:Treatiesandconvention、internationalmodellaw、Tradecustom、Generalprinciples、Judicialdecisionsorpublicists’writing.2、ApplicabilityoftheCISG适用范围(1)Applicability:(a)forcommercialsalesofgoods，notforconsumersales.(b)betweenpartieswhoseplacesofbusinessareindifferentcountries(nationalitynotconsidered)(2)Salesofgoodsexcluded:排除适用的销售1、consumergoodssoldforpersonal、familyorhouseholduse.2、goodsboughtatauction(拍卖)3、electricity.4、stocks、securities、negotiableinstruments、ormoney.5、ships、vesselsoraircraft.6、assemblycontracts7、contractsthatareinpreponderantpartforthesupplyoflabororotherservices.8、liabilityofthesellerfordeathorpersonalinjurycausedbythegoodspartiesagreetoexcludetheConventionortheychooseotherlaw.3、InterpretingCISG的解释Generalprinciples:(a)thedutytocommunicateinformationneededbytheotherparty.(b)theobligationtomitigatedamageresultingfromabreach.4、GeneralprincipleslaiddowninPICC:(1)Freedomofcontract(2)Opennesstousages(3)FavorContracts(4)ObservanceofGoodFaithandFairDealing.5、区别(1)DifferencesfromtheGermancode:(a)Writteninashortperiodoftime;(b)Styleandform:Straightforward,easytoread,understandabletoeveryone.(2)DifferencesfromtheEnglishcommonlaw:Itcontainsflexiblegeneralrulesratherthandetailedprovisions.(3)GermanCivilCodeof1896Characteristics:(a)Incrediblypreciseandtechnical.(b)Specialterminologyisused.DifferencesfromtheFrenchcode:Itismeantexclusivelyfortheuseoftrainedexperts(notlayreaders)6、UKlaw英国合同分类：（1）contractbydeed.(2)contractinwriting.(3)contractevidencedinwriting.(4)oralcontract7、Essentialelementsofavalidcontract:(1)anagreementbetweenparties(offerandacceptance).(2)legalsufficientconsideration.(3)legalcapacity.(4)notforillegalpurpose,notcontrarytopublicpolicy.(5)intentiontocreatelegalrelations8、offer(1)theconcept:Anofferisaproposalbyonepersontoanotherindicatinganintentiontoenteracontractunderspecifiedterms.(2)requirementsofoffer:(a)anoffermustbeaddressedtooneormorespecificpersons.(b)anoffermustbesufficientlydefiniteandindicatestheintentionoftheofferortobebound.(3)validityofanoffer:Anofferbecomesvalidwhenitarrivesattheofferee.(4)Lapseofoffer(失效):(1)onthedeatheitheroftheofferorortheoffereebeforeacceptance.(2)bynon-acceptancewithinthetimeprescribedforacceptance.(3)whennotimeforacceptanceisprescribed,bynon-acceptancewithinareasonabletime.(4)expressrejection.(5)counteroffer.(5)Revocationofanoffer(撤销):Theofferornotifiestheoffereeoftheinvalidityoftheoffersoastobefreefromitbeforeacceptanceoftheofferee.9、Acceptance(1)concept:Offeree’smanifestationoftheintentiontobeboundtothetermsoftheother.(2)requirementsofacceptance:(1)mustbemadebytheofferee.(2)mustbemadewithintheperiodofvalidity.(3)mustmatchthetermsoftheofferexactlyandunequivocally.10、Consideration(1)concept:Considerationissomebenifitreceivedbyapartywhogivesapromiseorperformsanact,orsomedetrimentsufferedbyapartywhoreceivesapromise.(2)Generalrules(对价满足的原则)(a)isrequiredforallsimplecontract(notcontractsunderseal).(b)musthavesufficientvaluebutneednotbeadequatetothepromise.(c)mustbepossibletoperform.(d)mustbelegal.(e)mustbepresentorfutureandcan’tbepast.(f)mustmovefromthepromisee(privityofcontract).(g)mustnotbetoovague(moralobligationisn’tconsideration)11、Generalprincipleofremedies:(1)thedoctrineofcompensation补偿原则:(a)doctrineofexpectationinterest.期待利益(b)doctrineofrelianceinterest.信赖利益(c)doctrineofrestitutioninterest.归还利益(d)thedoctrineoflimitationsondamages减损原则12、Specificperformance实际履行Civillaw.SpecificperformanceistheusualremedyCommonlaw.Theusualremedyisdamages.Specificperformanceisusedonlywheremoneydamagescan’tbecalculatedorareinadequate.13、Anticipatorybreachofcontract预期违约：(1)definition:Onecontractingpartymayinformtheotherparty,beforethetimefixedforperformanceunderthecontract,thathewillnotperformhisobligationsundercontract.(2)Remedy:TwoChoicesTheotherpartythusentitledtoterminateperformanceimmediatelyandclaimdamagesatthedateoftheacceptanceofthebreach.Hecanalsoselecttoaffirmthecontractanddemandperformanceatthetimestipulatedinthecontract.13.SOGATheSaleofGoodsAct1979isanActoftheParliamentoftheUnitedKingdomwhichregulatesEnglishcontractlawandUKcommerciallawinrespectofgoodsthataresoldandbought.14.UCCTheUniformCommercialCode(UCCortheCode),firstpublishedin1952,isoneofanumberofuniformactsthathavebeenpromulgatedtoharmonizethelawofsalesandothercommercialtransactionsinall50stateswithintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.14.PartnershipLaw1.Definition:Partnershipistherelationshipwhichs