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1、Functionsoflaw:①Keepthepeace②Enforcingstandardsofconductandmaintainorder③Facilitatingplanning④Promotingsocialjustice2、Definitionofcontract(inChina):Acontractshallbeanagreementwherebythepartiesestablish,changeorterminatetheircivilrelationship.3、Offer:Definition:offerisaproposalbyapersontoanotherindicatinganintentiontoenterintoacontractunderspecificterms.Requirementsforanoffer:①Intention：订立合同的意愿theoffer’swordsmustgivetheoffereeassurancethatabindingagreementisintended.②Definiteness:明确具体indicatesordescribesthegoodsorservices,expresslyorimplicitlyspecifiesthequantityandthepriceforthegoods.③Communication:传到到受要约人anofferbecomeseffectivewhenitreachestheofferee.4、Superiorforce:不可抗力Isaclauseincontractswhichessentiallyfreesbothpartiesfromliabilityorobligationwhenanextraordinaryeventorcircumstancebeyondthecontrolofthepartiespreventsoneorbothpartiesfromfulfillingtheirobligationsunderthecontract.Elements:externality,unpredictability,irresistibility.5、Damages:Compensatorydamagesprovideaplaintiffwiththemonetaryamountnecessarytoreplacewhatwaslostandnothingmore.Toplacetheclaimantinthepositioninwhichhewouldhavebeenhadthecontractnotbeenbreached.Directlosses,consequentiallosses,painandsuffering,liquidateddamages(约定损害赔偿).6、Fundamentalbreach:根本违约Abreachofcontractcommittedbyoneofthepartiesisfundamentalifitresultsinsuchdetrimenttotheotherpartyassubstantiallytodeprivehimofwhatheisentitledtoexpectunderthecontract.一方当事人违反合同的结果，如使另一方当事人蒙受损害，以至于实际上剥夺了他根据合同规定有权期待得到的东西，即为根本违反合同。7、RemediesforthebuyersBuyer’srighttocompelperformance:要求实际履行thebuyermayrequireperformancebythesellerofhisobligations.Ifthegoodsdonotconformwiththecontract,thebuyermayrequiredeliveryofsubstitutegoodsonlyifthelackofconformityconstitutesafundamentalbreachofcontract;Ifthegoodsdonotconformwiththecontract,thebuyermayrequirethesellertoremedythelackofconformitybyrepair.Buyer’srighttoavoidthecontract:撤销合同thebuyermaydeclarethecontractavoided：thesellercommitsafundamentalbreachorThebuyergivestheselleraNachfristnoticeandthesellerrejectsitordoesnotperformwithintheperioditspecifies.Remedyofreductionofprice:减价赔偿Ifthegoodsdonotconformwiththecontractandwhetherornotthepricehasalreadybeenpaid,thebuyermayreducethepriceinthesameproportionasthevaluethatthegoodsactuallydeliveredhadatthetimeofthedeliverybearstothevaluethatconforminggoodswouldhavehadatthattime.Pricereductionappliestothespecialsituation:ThebuyeracceptsgoodsThesellermustnotberesponsibleforthenonconformity实际所交货物交货时的价格/符合合同规定的货物交货时的价格Non-conformityofpartofthegoods:部分不符(1)Ifthesellerdeliversonlyapartofthegoodsorifonlyapartofthegoodsdeliveredisinconformitywiththecontract,articles46-50applyinrespectofthepartwhichismissingorwhichdoesnotconform.(2)Thebuyermaydeclarethecontractavoidedinitsentiretyonlyifthefailuretomakedeliverycompletelyorinconformitywiththecontractamountstoafundamentalbreachofthecontract.Earlydelivery;excessquantity:提前交货，超额交货(1)ifthesellerdeliversthegoodsbeforethedatefixed,thebuyermaytakedeliveryorrefusetotakedelivery.(2)ifthesellerdeliversaquantityofgoodsgreaterthanthatprovidedforinthecontract,thebuyermaytakedeliveryorrefusetotakedeliveryoftheexcessquantity.Ifthebuyertakesdeliveryofallorpartoftheexcessquantity,hemustpayforitatthecontractrate.8、Trademarks:①Definition:Asignorsymbolthatdistinguishesoneparty’sgoodsorservicesfromanother.(Truetrademark,tradename,servicemark,collectivemark,certificationmark)②Acquiringtrademarks:Priorityofuse(USA,EN,CAN)Priorityofregistration③Registrationcriteria:distinctive,notbegenericordescriptive.9、Patent①Definition:arightgrantedtoaninventorbyanationalgovernmenttoexclusivelymake,use,andsellaninventionforacertainperiodoftime.②Whygrantpatent?onprivateside:toprotectprivateproperty;onpublicside:toencourageinventionandindustrialdevelopment③Subjectmatter:Inventions(20years),Utilitymodels(20years),Designs(10years).10、Rightofpriority(ParisConvention):Nationaltreatment:amembercountrycannotdiscriminateagainstforeignersingrantingpatentortrademarkprotection.Compulsorylicense:itgrantspatentortrademarkrightstothirdpartiesifthepatentortrademarkownerdoesnotuseit.Rightofpriority:anapplicantwhohasfiledforprotectioninonemembercountryshallenjoinarightofpriorityof12monthsforpatentforinventionsandutilitymodel,6monthsforpatentforpatentfordesignandfortrademarkstofileinanothermemberstate.11、Agency:Isdefinedasafiduciaryrelationshipbetweentwopersonsinwhichone(theagent)actsonbehalfof,andissubjecttohecontrolof,theother(theprincipal).Agent:personauthorizedbyanothertoactfororinplaceofhimorher.Principal:personwho,byagreementorotherwise,authorizesanagenttoactonhisorherbehalfinsuchawaythattheactsoftheagentbecomebindingontheprincipal.Thirdparty:anypersondoingbusinesswithagent.12、Internalrelationships:Dutiesofagenttoprincipal:1.Fiduciarydutyofloyalty2.Dutyofobedience3.Dutyofcare4.Dutyofaccounting5.DutyofcommunicationDutiesofprincipaltoagent:1.Dutytopaycommission2.Dutytoreimburseandindemnify3.Dutytokeepaccounts.ExternalRelationship:1.Civillawcountriesrules:DirectrepresentationIndirectrepresentation2.Commonlawcountriesrule