过去分词作状语

过去分词作状语【观察】观察下列句子中过去分词的用法，然后加以总结。1.Discussedmanytimes,theproblemsweresettledatlast.2.Lookedatfromadistance,thepaintingseemsmuchmorebeautiful.3.Caughtintherainonmywayhome,Ihadabadcold.4.Builtthirtyyearsagothehousestilllooksverybeautiful.5.Theprofessor,followedbyhisassistants,walkedoutofthehall.6.Shesatbythewindowalone,lostinthought.7.Satisfiedwithwhathedid,theteacherpraisedhiminclass.8.Watercanbechangedintovaporwhenheated.9.Thereisnopointarguingaboutit;justdoastold.10.Herushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.[总结]过去分词可作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。过去分词作状语应注意以下几点：一、过去分词作状语表示的意义●表示时间(如例句1)、条件(如例句2)、原因(如例句3)、让步(如例句4)的分词短语相当于相对应的状语从句。Aftertheyhadbeendiscussedmanytimes,theproblemsweresettledatlast.Ifitislookedatfromadistance,thepaintingseemsmuchmorebeautiful.BecauseIwascaughtintherainonmywayhome,Ihadabadcold.Althoughitwasbuiltthirtyyearsago,thehousestilllooksverybeautiful.●作方式状语或表示伴随情况，说明动作发生的背景或情况。一般情况下，分词所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。可转化成并列句。(如例句5-6)Theprofessorwalkedoutofthehallandhewasfollowedbyhisassistants.Shesatbythewindowalone,andshewaslostinthought.二、过去分词与句子主语之间的关系●过去分词作状语表示被动或完成的动作。其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语一致。过去分词与句子主语之间通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系。(如例句1-5)【难点点拨】分词作状语时，用现在分词还是过去分词，取决于分词与句子主语之间的关系。主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词。比较：Seeingfromthetopfloor,wecanfindthegardenmorebeautiful.Seenfromthetopfloor,thegardenlooksmorebeautiful.●有些过去分词或短语来源于系表结构，或某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。常见的有lost(如例句6),seated,hidden,lostin,dressedin,facedwith,absorbedin,surprised,disappointed,exhausted,frightened,satisfied(如例句7),tired等。三、“连词+过去分词”结构作状语过去分词作状语时，可在分词之前加某些连词，以表示强调。常用的有if,unless,when(如例句8),once,until,though/although,evenif/eventhough,as(如例句9),asif等。【难点点拨】此结构实际是状语从句的省略形式。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且状语从句的谓语动词是被动式时，省略从句的主语和动词be即是。Watercanbechangedintovaporwhen(itis)heated.Thereisnopointarguingaboutit,justdoas(youare)told.四、过去分词的独立主格结构作状语如果过去分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构属于独立主格结构，作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随等(如例句10)。【巩固练习】Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空。1.Theboysatathisdesk,hisrighthand(raise).2.(praise)byhisteacher,Tomworkedevenharder.3.Thecupfelldowntotheground,(break).4.(face)withthissituation,theyfeltbothjoyandfear.5.Youngstudentsshouldgoandworkwhere(need).6.(taste)delicious,thebreadinthisshopwassoldoutsoon.7.(seat)atthetable,myfatherandIweretalkingaboutmyjob.8.(grow)inrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.Ⅱ.同义句转换(每空一词)。1.Ashewassurroundedbyagroupofyoungpeople,theoldmanfelthappy.→agroupofyoungpeople,theoldmanfelthappy.2.Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.→whathadhappened,heloweredhishead.→whathadhappened,heloweredhishead.3.Bobsatonhischairandhewascompletelyabsorbedinamagazine.→Bobsatonhischair,amagazine.4.Iwon’tattendhisbirthdaypartyunlessinvited.→Iwon’tattendhisbirthdaypartyunless.5.Aftertheproblemwassettled,themeetingcametoanend.→,themeetingcametoanend.参考答案：Ⅰ.1.raised2.Praised3.broken4.Faced5.needed6.Tasting7.Seated8.GrownⅡ.1.Surroundedby2.Asked;Whenasked3.completelyabsorbedin4.Iaminvited5.Theproblemsettled