英语论文(空巢老人)

TheProblemsofTheEmpty-nestElders1Xxxx,PhD.ChinaUniversityofPetroleum,2015Qingdao,[e-mail]gofindustrializationandurbanizationaccelerating,moreandmorerurallaborforceflowoverintothecities,anditcomesverynaturallythattheproblemsoftheempty-nesteldersbecomemoresignificant.Themainreasonsareagingphenomenon(Taylor,2003,pp.25-29)andmanymigrantlookingformorerewardsinthecities.Wecouldn’tstopit,andwhatactuallyshouldwedoisfacingaseriesofproblems,andserviceforthisnewgroupofcitieswell.bycombiningwithavarietyofforces,suchassocialfund,governmentandeveryperson,wecanultimatelyachieveamoreharmonyandbeautifulsociety.Keywords:migrantworkers,agingphenomenon,urbanization.1PresentSituationWiththeproceedingofindustrializationandurbanizationaccelerating,moreandmorerurallaborforceflowoverintothecities.Thereisnodoubtthatthemigrantworkersmakegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentofcities,butthisphenomenonbringintomanysocialproblems,suchasEmpty-nestElders.Empty-nesteldersmeanstheruralold’syoungandstrongchildrenwhoshouldsupporttheirparentsgointothecitiesforbettercareeropportunitiesanddon’thaveenoughpowertotakecareoftheirparents.Occasionallyempty-nesteldershavetodofarmworkbythemselves,andeventakecareofleft-behindchildren,whichcanbeaheavyburdentothem.Theyareinpoorsituation,lackofasenseofsecurity,andfeellonelybecausetheywouldbelackoftheirchildren’care.Oftenreportrelatedtothetragedy.Theproblemof“emptynestoldman”hasbecomeoneofthetopicswithwidepublicconcern.Societyandgovernmentshouldthinkdeeplyaboutit.2ReasonsNowadays,theagingphenomenonhasbeenmoreandmoreserious.Youngmenhavetobearmorepressurethaneverbefore.Atthesametime,therapiddevelopmentofsocietymakemanycitiesrequiresalotoflaborforce.Thesetwomainreasonslendtomoreandmoremigrantflowoverintothecitiestolookformoresalary.Anditcomesverynaturallythattheproblemsoftheempty-nesteldersbecomemoresignificant.3SolutionsUrbanizationisinevitabletrendofcitiesinChina,aswellasrurallaborforceforceflowingoverintothecities.Wecouldn’tstopit,andwhatactuallyshouldwedoisfacingaseriesofproblems,andserviceforthisnewgroupofcitieswell.Inmyopinion,severalmeasuresmustbetakentohelptheelderlypeople.1Berndt,T.J.(2002).Differentrolesoflandinrural-urbanmigration:EvidencefromChina'shouseholdsurvey.China&WorldEconomy,21(1),107-126.Itisadirectsolutiontoestablishcharityfundaboutempty-nestelders.Sowecancallforthewholesocietytoprovidematerialorvoluntaryservice.Thenthefundcantakeeffectivemeasurestohelptheelderlypeopletoliveacomfortableandhappylife.However,greatmajorityofthemdonotonlyrequirehowcomfortableinthematerialconditionsandwhatismostessentialforthemispsychicgratification.Foronething,asfortheirchildren,youshouldrepayandgratitudefortheloveandcarefromyourparents.Firstly,youshouldvisityourparentsfrequentlyasyoucould.Nomatterhowbusyyouwork,Ibelievethetimeyougohomeorcallatelephonemustbefindifyouwant.Secondly,whenyougohome,youshouldhaveenoughpatiencetotalktoyourparentsandlistentothemeventhoughyoumaybehearwhattheyhavesaidmanytimes.Thirdly,youcouldeducateyourchildtolookafterandrespecttheirgrandparents,whichisgoodforchildren’growing.Inshort,thereisnodoubtthatwealsowillbecomeelderlypeopleoneday.Weshouldconsiderandhelpourparentsaspossibleaswecan.Foranotherthing,thegovernmentshouldmakelawsandregulationstosolvethedifficultiesthatmigrantmayface.Ontheonehand,governmentshouldimprovetheinsurancesystemandthemedical&educationsituationofmigrantworkers.Ifthetimingisrightandconditionsallow,citiesalsoshouldopenthehouseholdregistrationsystem.Throughtheimprovementoftheirsocialtreatment,itisconduciveformigrantworkerstoreducetheirpressureandpromotefamilyharmony,sothey’lltakemorecareoftheirparents.Ontheanotherhand,governmentshouldalsopayattentiontotheplanninganddevelopmentofvillagesandtowns,butnotonlythecity.Inthisway,wehopemigranttobenotfarawayformtheirhometownandcaretheirhome.Meanwhile,balancingurbanandruraldevelopmentcouldreducetheregionaleconomicdifferences,andpromotecommonprosperityandsocialharmony.4ConclusionsTheproblemsoftheempty-nesteldershavebeenmoreandmoreserious.Theimportanceofsolvingtheproblemsshouldbeacknowledgedbyeveryone.Weshouldactivelyrespondtotheseproblemswithoutalittlehesitate,bycombiningwithavarietyofforces(e.g.socialfund,governmentandindividual).Onlyinthiswaycanweultimatelyachieveamoreharmonyandbeautifulsociety.AcknowledgmentsIwouldfirstliketothankmyadviser,SongHongliang,forallhissupportandguidance.Iwouldalsoliketoexpressmygratitudetomycoworkersfortheirunderstanding.Iwouldliketoespeciallythankmyfamilyandfriends,wholistenedtomyfrustrationsandwhobelievedinme.ThanksparticularlytoJiangBaichenforhelpingmetomodifiedthearticle.ReferencesZhang,lifang.(2007).Astudyoncharacteristicofleft-behindchildren'self-esteemanditsfamilyinfluencingfactor.China&WorldEconomy,20(2),17-35.Zhang,Linxiu,JikunHuang&ScottRozelle.(2002).Employment,emerginglabormarkets,andtheroleofeducationinruralChina.ChinaEconomicReview,13(2-3),313-28.Zhang,Linxiu,HongmeiYi,RenfuLuo,ChengfangLiu&ScottRozelle.(2013).Thehumancapitalrootsofthemiddleincometrap