年产20万吨尿素斯纳姆氨汽提水解系统工艺设计

年产20万吨尿素斯纳姆氨汽提水解系统工艺设计TheSnamAmmoniaStrippingHydrolysisSystemDesignofAnnualOutputof200000TonsofUrea目录摘要........................................................................IAbstract..................................................................II引言.......................................................................1第1章绪论...............................................................21.1尿素的物理化学性质和用途............................................21.1.1尿素的物理性质.....................................................21.1.2尿素的化学性质.....................................................21.1.3尿素的用途.........................................................21.2尿素发展简述........................................................31.3国内外尿素技术市场简况..............................................31.4尿素的生产方法简介..................................................41.4.1水溶液全循环法.....................................................41.4.2二氧化碳气提法......................................................51.4.3氨汽提法............................................................51.5本课题的意义和内容..................................................61.5.1课题的意义.........................................................61.5.2课题的内容.........................................................6第2章氨汽提法工艺流程.................................................72.1尿素的合成..........................................................72.2尿素的工艺流程.......................................................72.3水解系统工艺设计.....................................................92.3.1水解系统流程........................................................92.3.2水解解吸操作中典型设备介绍及其应用.................................102.4主要工艺条件.......................................................102.5生产组织制度........................................................11第3章物料衡算与热量衡算..............................................113.1物料衡算计算条件的确定.............................................123.2氨汽提法水解系统物料衡算...........................................123.2.1高压系统物料衡算...................................................123.2.2中低压分解和回收工段物料衡算.......................................163.2.3氨回收部分物料平衡计算.............................................193.2.4真空浓缩工段.......................................................213.2.5解吸水解系统物料平衡计算...........................................24第4章主要工艺设备计算................................................284.1多组分的吸收与解吸计算方法简述.....................................284.1.1多组分吸收与解吸中理论板数简捷计算方法介绍.........................284.2解吸塔工艺尺寸设计.................................................304.2.1解吸塔的工艺条件..................................................304.2.2解吸塔的计算.......................................................30第5章水解系统的改造..................................................355.1废水处理系统.......................................................355.2废水处理系统存在的问题及改造措施...................................375.2.1废水处理系统存在的问题............................................375.2.2改造措施..........................................................375.3分子筛干燥器压差高的原因分析及改进.................................38结论......................................................................38致谢.......................................................错误!未定义书签。参考文献.................................................................39附录A....................................................................40附录B....................................................................41年产20万吨尿素斯纳姆氨汽提水解系统工艺设计摘要：尿素是一种重要的化学肥料和工业原料，在世界范围内广泛使用。许多国家都致力于尿素生产系统的研究。在水解系统中，工艺水中氨、二氧化碳、尿素的解吸水解程度很重要,所以工艺冷凝液处理装置也在不断地改造。废液中的氨的含量不能超过50ppm。超过此设计值，不符合排放标准。因此，本文设计主要是以年产20万吨尿素为目标，设计水解系统工艺流程，并且针对水解系统的进料和出料进行物料衡算和热量衡算，对配套的装置解吸塔进行设备计算和选型，从而满足设计要求，达到规定的排放要求。进料组成：氨4.7%；尿素0.9%；二氧化碳2.1%.其余为水。出料废液中的氨为4×10-6kg/tUr,尿素为零。生产组织制度：年工作为8000小时，每小时生产25吨尿素。关键词:尿素生产氨汽提工艺水物料衡算热量衡算设备计算Thesnamammoniastrippinghydrolysissystemdesignofannualoutputof200000tonsofureaAbstract:Ureaisakindofimportantchemicalfertilizersandindustrialrawmaterials,whichiswidelyusedthroughttheworld.Manycountriesarecommittedtotheureaproductionsystemresearch.Becausethedesorptionofammonia、carbondioxide、ureaisimportant,condensatetreatmentplantwascontantlytransformed.Theamountofwasteliquidofammoniaisnotmorethan50ppm.Ifitismorethanthisnumber,itdoesnotmeetthestandards.Thegoalofthisdesignisannualoutputoftwohundredthousedtons.Hydrolysissystemprocessflowwasdesigned,materialbalanceandheatblanceoffeedinganddischargingwascalulatedandtheequipmentselectionsandcalculationwascarriedout,sothatthesystemmeetstherequirementsandthestandardsofemission.thecompostionoffeedingisthatammoniaisfourpointsevenpercent,ureazeropointninepecentandcarbondioxideistwopointonepecent,Inthewasteliquid,thecontentofammoniaisfourtmg/tur,andureaiszero.theorganizationofproductionsystem:eightthousandhoursperyear,ureaproductionis25tonsperhour.Keywords:Ureaproduction;Ammoniastripping;Processwater;Materialbalance;Heatbalance;Equipmentcalculation引言尿素的化学名称为碳酰二胺，分子式为CO(NH2)2，分子量为60.06,含氮量为46.65%。纯尿素为无色、无味、无臭的针状或棱柱状结晶体。工业尿素因含有杂质而呈白色或浅黄色，工业或农业品为白色略带微红色固体颗粒。密度1.335g/cm3。熔点132.7℃。超过熔点则分解。尿素较易吸湿，贮存要注意防潮。尿素易溶于水和液氨，其溶解度随温度升高而