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282Vol.28,No.220023190195ACTAAGRONOMICASINICApp.190195Mar.,2002X1JamesRKiniry2(1,,100875;2,Temple,Texas),60,,,;;;:Q141:AAReviewontheDevelopmentofCropModelinganditsApplicationXIEYun1JamesRKiniry2(1DepartmentofResourceandEnvironmentalSciences,KeyLaboratoryofEnvironmentalChangeandNaturalDisaster,MinistryofEducationofChinaBeijingNormalUniversity,Beijing100875,China;2USDA2ARS,Grassland,Soil&WaterResearchLab,Temple,Texas76502,USA)AbstractWiththedevelopmentofsystemandcomputersciences,cropmodelingwasbornin1960sanddevelopedfasterandfasterafterwards,coveringaseriesofstagesfrominfancytomaturity,fromempiricaldescriptiontoprocessanalysis,andfromtheoreticalresearchtopracticalapplication.Generally,thehistoryofcropmodelingcanbedividedinto3stages:(1)Widespreadmodeldevelopment(1960s70s);(2)applicationofmodels(1980s);(3)refinementofmodelswithimprovedvisionoftheirusefulness(1990s).Nowsimulationmodelsarecommonlyacceptedasassessmenttoolsforevaluatinglanduseandmanagement,decision2makingforcropproduction,andassessingenvironmentalimpactsofagriculture.KeywordsCropmodels;Physiologicalprocess;Cropmodeling;Modelapplications[1]Curry[2],SinclairSeligman[3],,Montieth[4],,,,,,,,,,,,,[4]:,,X:(49725103);;:(1964-),,,,,JamesR.Kiniry,,,,,Receivedon():2001204205,Acceptedon():2001207229,,,,,[5],,,,,,,ShafferLarson[6],,,,SinclairSeligman[3]Bouman[7]SinclairSeligman:30,,,,,,,,,,,BoumandeWit,:(1)(6070);(2)(80);(3)(90),1(6070):,,,MonsiSaeki[8],,deWit[9]Duncan[10]LoomisWilliams[11],,,,,260,,,,:Chen[12],,,4,Curry[2],CurryChen[13],,,,,,Stapleton[14],,,,(SIMCOT),,Baker[15],,,Duncan[16],(SIMAIZ),,CO2,,,,Splinter[17],,1912:,,,Childs[18],,,(),,,1965deWit[9],,,,deWit[19]ELCROS(ElementaryCropSimulator),,,,,,CSMP(ContinuousSystemModelingProgram)70,ELCROS,BACROS(BasicCropgrowthSimulator)[20],vanKeulen[21]ELCROSBACROS,ARIDCROP,,ARIDCROP,2(80):,,,,,,,(Process2based):,,,CERES(Crop2EnvironmentResourceSynthesis)CERES2[22],1980,1986,CERES2[23]CERES-CERES,,[2427],[28],[29],CERES,Wilkerson[30](SOYGRO),,,,,,,,,,,:,,IBSNAT(InternationalBenchmarkSitesforAgrotechnologyTransfer,1986)[31],,,IBSNAT,,IBSNATCERES2Maize,CERES2Wheat,SOYGROV5.0,,,,:DSSAT(DecisionSupportSystemfor29128AgrotechnologyTransfer)DSSAT:(1);(2);(3);(4);(5),,,,DASSAT,deWitSUCROS(SimpleandUniversalCropGrowthSimulator)[32],,BACROS,,,,SUCROS,,WOFOST(WorldFoodStudies),[33]PenningdeVries[34]MACROS(ModulesofanAnnualCropSimulator),,,,,,,,,StapperHarris[35]CERES,,SIMTAG(SimulationofTriticumAestivumGenotypes),,PlaceBrown[36]SIMCOY(SimulationofCornYield),StewartDwyer[37],,3(90):90,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,1993,,Kiniry[38]KiniryBockholt[39]CERES2MaizeALMANAC(AgriculturalLandManagementAlternativeswithNumericalAssess2mentCriteria),9,Kiniry[4142],,CERES2Maize,,,,GCMs(GeneralCirculationModels),19891992,:,27[43]CO2,,GCMs,,,CO23912:,,,80ALMANAC[4447],öEPIC(ErosionöProductivityImpactCalculator)[48,49]SUCROS,,EPIC80RCA(SoilandWaterResourcesConservationAct),,,,,[50]RS(RemoteSensing)GIS(GeographicalInformationSystem),7080,WiegandArkin[51],,,,Maas[51]NDVI(NormalizedDifferenceVegetationIndex),,,Lal[52]GIS,,,,GIS,GIS,,,,[52],,,,,,,,References[1]EdwardsD,HamsonM.GuidetoMathematicalModeling.BocaRaton,Florida,US:CRCPress,Inc.,1990.2[2]CurryRB.Dynamicsimulationofplantgrowth,I.Developmentofamodel.ASAETrans,1971,14(5):946959[3]SinclairTR,SeligmanNG.Cropmodeling:frominfancytomaturity.AgronomyJournal,1996,88:698704[4]MontiethJL.Thequestforbalanceinmodeling.AgronomyJournal,1996,88:695697[5]WalkerJN,SplinterWE.Introduction:Mathematicalmodelingofplants.TransactionsoftheASAE,1971,14(5):945949[6]ShafferMJ,LarsonWE.NTRM,Asoil2cropsimulationmodelfornitrogen,tillage,andcrop2residuemanagement.US:USDAöARSöConservationResearchReport,1987.3441[7]BoumanBAM,vanKeulenH,vanLaarHH.TheschoolofdeWitcropgrowthsimulationmodels:Apedigreeandhistoricaloverview.AgriculturalSystem,1996,52:171198[8]MonsiM,SaekiT.UberdenLichtfaktorindenPflanzengesellschaftenundseineBedeutungfurdiestoffproduktion.JpnJBot,1953,14:2252[9]deWitCT.Photosynthesisofleafcanopies.Wageningen,Netherlands:InstBiolChemResFieldCropsHerb.AgricResRep,1965.663[10]DuncanWG,LoomisRS,WilliamsWA,etal.Amodelforsimulatingphotosynthesisinplantcommunities.Hilgardia,1967,38:181205[11]LoomisRS,WilliamsSWA.Maximumcropproductivity:Anestimate.CropScience,1963,3:6772[12]ChenLH,HuangGK,SplinterWE.Developingaphysical2chemicalmodelforaplantgrowthsystem.ASAETrans,1969,12:698702[13]CurryRB,ChenLH.Dynamicsimulationofplantgrowth,II.Incorporationofactualdailyweatherandpartitioningofnetphotosynthate.ASAETrans,1971,14:11701175[14]StapletonHN,RPMeyers.Modelingsubsystemsforcotton2thecottonplantsimulation.TransactionsoftheASAE,1971,14(5):950953[15]BakerDN,HeskethJD,DuncanWG.Simulationofgrowthandyieldincotton,1.Grossphotosynthesis,respiration,andgrowth.CropSci,1972,12:431435[16]DuncanWG,HeskethJD.Netphotosyntheticrates,relativeleafgrowthrates,andleafnumbersof22racesofmaizegrownateighttemperatures.CropSci,1968,8:670674[17]SplinterWE.Modelingofplantgrowthforyieldprediction.AgriculturalMeteorology,1974,14:243253[18]ChildsSW,GilleyJR,Splin