高英3the-sad-young-man

Lesson5TheSadYoungMen——Group3梁以华17郭文静18张倩颖22吴莹23史春燕24孙倩29尚志龙33Outline:•Background•theauthor•stylisticfeatureandstructure;•sumup•paragraphAftertheworldwarI，theeageryoungmenhadreceivedagoodtasteoftwentieth-centurywarfare.Theycamebacktotheircountry.Tothem,itwasbittertoreturntoahometownvirtuallyuntouchedbytheconflict,wherecitizensstilltalkedwiththenaiveFourth-of-dulybombast.Itwasevenmorebittertofindthattheiroldjobshadbeentakenbythestay-at-homes,thatbusinesswassufferingarecessionthatpreventedtheopeningupofnewjobs,andthatveteranswereconsideredproblemchildrenandlessdesirablethannon-veteransforwhateverbusinessopportunitiesthatdidexist.Theycannotadoptthelifeathomeandhaddevelopedasuddenbewilderingworld-weariness,whichcannotbeunderstandbytheirrelatives.Theirenergieshadbeenwhippedupandtheirnaiveté（天真烂漫）destroyedbythewarandnow,butthesocialenvironmentmakesthemangryandhateful.Somethinginthetension-riddenyouthofAmericahadtogiveand,afterashortperiodofbitterresentment,itgaveintheformofacompleteoverthrowofgenteelstandardsofbehavior.SocialbackgroundSometermsTheSadYoungMen（失落的一代）TheLostGeneration（迷惘的一代）1883—1924TheBeatGeneration（跨掉的一代）1948--1962TheAngryYoungMen（愤怒的一代）1950sTheSadYoungMen&TheLostGenerationTheyrefertothesamegroupofpeople.ThenamewasfirstcreatedandusedbyF.ScottFitzgeraldinhisbookAlltheSadYoungMenandsecondbyGertrudeStein.ThesenameswereappliedtothedisillusionedintellectualsandaesthetesoftheyearsfollowingtheWWI(1914-1918),whorebelledagainstformeridealsandvalues,butcouldreplacethemonlybydespairoracynicalhedonism(享乐主义).THELostGenerationgroupofexpatriate移居国外AmericanwritersresidingprimarilyinParisduringthe1920sand1930s.Thegroupneverformedacohesiveliterarymovement,butitconsistedofmanyinfluentialAmericanwriters,includingErnestHemingway,F.ScottFitzgerald,WilliamCarlosWilliams,ThorntonWilder,ArchibaldMacLeish,andHartCrane.TheLostGenerationThegroupwasgivenitsnamebytheAmericanwriterGertrudeStein,who,inaconversationwithHemingway,usedanexpressionshehadheardfromagaragemanager,unegénerationperdue(“alostgeneration”),torefertoexpatriateAmericansbitterabouttheirWorldWarI(1914-1918)experiencesanddisillusionedwithAmericansociety.Hemingwaylaterusedthephraseasanepigraph引语forhisnovelTheSunAlsoRises(1926).AfterWWIIappearedTheBeatGenerationinUS.ItwasappliedtocertainAmericanartistsandwriterswhowerepopularduringthe1950s.Duringthe1960s“beat”ideasandattitudeswereabsorbedbyotherculturalmovements,andthosewhopracticedthe“beat”lifestylewerecalled“hippies”.ThetermBeatGenerationwasfirstusedbyKerouacinthelate1940s.Thewordbeathadvariousconnotationsforthewriters,includingdespairoverthebeatenstateoftheindividualinmasssocietyandbeliefinthebeatitude,orblessedness,ofthenaturalworldandintherestorativepowersofthebeatofjazzmusicandpoetry.TheBeatGenerationBeatwritinggenerallycalledforarenunciationofmaterialgoodsandacquisitivenessinfavorofarediscoveryoftheerotic（性欲的）,artistic,andspiritualselfthroughtheuseofdrugs,casualsex,music,andthemysticismofZen（禅宗）Buddhism.ThisgroupofAmericanwriterswritingexpressedprofounddissatisfactionwithcontemporary（当代的）Americansocietyandendorsedanalternativesetofvalues.Thetermsometimesisusedtorefertothosewhoembracedtheideasofthesewriters.TheBeatGenerationTheAngryYoungMenAtthistimethereappearedinEnglandagroupcalledTheAngryYoungMen.ThistermwasappliedtoagroupofEnglishwritersofthe1950swhoseheroessharedcertainrebelliousandcriticalattitudestowardssociety.“LostGenerationandBeatGeneration,aretwowindowsthatshowtheworldofAmericansocietyatdifferentstages.Thuswecanbetterunderstandthesocialandideologicalconditions.Meanwhile,wecanhaveacompleteunderstandingoftheAmericansocietyandliterature.RepresentativeFiguresErnestHemingway海明威WilliamFaulkner威廉·福克纳ErnestHemingway海明威(July21,1899—July2,1961)wasanAmericanwriterandjournalist.Hewaspartofthe1920sexpatriatecommunityinParis,andoneoftheveteransofWorldWarIlaterknownastheLostGeneration.14TheSunAlsoRisesTheSunAlsoRisesservestoepitomizethepost-warexpatriategeneration.However,HemingwayhimselflaterwrotetohiseditorMaxPerkinsthatthepointofthebookwasnotsomuchaboutagenerationbeinglost,butthattheearthabideforever;hebelievedthecharactersinTheSunAlsoRisesmayhavebeenbatteredbutwerenotlostWilliamFaulkner威廉·福克纳(September25,1897–July6,1962)wasaNobelPrize-winningAmericanauthor.Oneofthemostinfluentialwritersofthe20thcentury,hisreputationisbasedonhisnovels,novellasandshortstories.Hewasalsoapublishedpoetandanoccasionalscreenwriter.GreenwichVillageItisgenerallyknownasanimportantlandmarkonthemapofAmericanbohemian(波希米亚的)culture.Theneighborhoodisknownforitscolorful,artisticresidentsandthealternativeculturetheypropagate.WashingtonSquarePark,intheheartofGreenwichVillageGreenwichVillageGreenwichVillagereferredtoinNewYorkassimplytheVillage,isalargelyresidentialneighborhoodonthewestsideofLowerManhattaninNYC.Itwasknowninthelate19thtomid20thcenturiesasanartists'haven,thebohemiancapital,andtheEastCoastbirthplaceoftheBeatmovement.LeftBankthesouthernbankoftheriverSeineinParis.Heretheriverflowsroughlywestward,cuttingthecityintwo:lookingdowns