思考:(一)句子的语序(二)倒装的分类(三)倒装产生的原因英语句子的自然语序:主语在前,谓语在后(主语+谓语)。把谓语动词放在主语之前(谓语+主语),就叫倒装语序。如果全部谓语放在主语之前,叫全部倒装;如果把谓语的一部分(通常是助动词、情态动词或be动词)放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。语序自然语序主语+谓语Theboycamein.倒装语序完全倒装谓语动词+主语Incametheboy.部分倒装助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语Nevershallweforgetthem.倒装的原因:引起倒装的两个原因:语法需要和修辞需要在语法需要时,倒装是必须的,否则会出现语法错误;在修辞需要时,倒装是任意的,目的是为了强调,否则的话,还可以还原成自然语序。请观察:Themen’s110hurdlescomenow.Theathletesrushout.Theyjumpup.Johnrunssofastthathebreakstheschoolrecord.Weshallneverforgettheexcitingmoment.Nowcomethemen’s110hurdles.Outrushtheathletes.Uptheyjump.SofastdoesJohnrunthathebreakstheschoolrecord.Nevershallweforgettheexcitingmoment.(一)完全倒装的情况:1.表方位的副词here,there或out,in,up,down,away,off,now,then,等标志词放在句首,句子用完全倒装。E.g.1)Herecomesthebus.2)Outrushedthechildren.3)Awaywenttheboy.此时主语必须是名词,谓语是系动词或不及物动词;主语若是代词时,不需要倒装。e.g.Outitrushed.Hereyouare.注意2.Therebe结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist,seem,happen,appear,live,rise,stand等。如:e.g.1)Therestoodadogbeforehim.2)Thereexistdifferentopinionsonthisquestion.巩固练习:1)________abeautifulpalace________thefootofthehill.A.Therestand;atB.Therestands;underC.Standsthere;underD.Therestands;at3.表示地点的介词词组(如onthewall,underthetree,infrontofthehouse,inthemiddleoftheroom等)放在句首时,且谓语动词为come,be,live,lie,go等时用完全倒装。e.g.1)Atthefootofthehillliesabeautifullake.2)Inthefrontoftheroomwasatable,andbehinditstoodabeautifullady.3)Fromthevalleycameacry.4.such,thefollowing等放句首时,句子要完全倒装。e.g.(1)Sucharethefacts.情况就是如此。(2)Suchislife.生活就是这样。(3)Thefollowingistheanswertothequestion.这个问题的答案如下。5.“表语+系动词+主语”的结构。e.g.1)PresentatthepartywereMrGreenandmanyotherguests.出席晚会的有格林先生,还有一些别的宾客。2)Seatedonthegroundareagroupofyoungmen.坐在地上的是一群年轻人。【注意】此时,主语较长,可还原为正常语序即:主+系动词+表语。(二)部分倒装的情况1.含有否定意义的副词或短语如:few,little,never,not,notuntil,neither,nor,innoway(无论如何不,决不,一点也不)nowhere(无处;任何地方都不),rarely,seldom,hardly/scarcely…when…,nosooner…(than)(一....就)notonly…(butalso),innocase/undernocircumstances/atnotime/bynomeans(在任何情况下都不),等表示否定含义的词放在句首时,需用部分倒装。e.g.1)Littledoesheknowaboutthenews.他对这消息知之甚少。2)Bynomeanscanhecatchupinsuchashorttime.他根本不可能在这么短的时间里赶上来。3)Hardly/Scarcelyhadhefallenasleepwhenaloudknockatthedoorawakedhim.4)NosoonerhadIreachedthestationthantrainmoved.【疑难1】Heisactiveinpersonality,andheseldomstaysindoors.(无助动词)Heisactiveinpersonality,andseldomdoeshestayindoors.(添加does)【疑难剖析1】若原句中没有助动词,必须根据谓语动词的具体时态来确定相应的助动词do,does或did。【疑难2】NotonlychildrenbutalsoadultsareinterestedinthefilmHarryPotter.【疑难2】Notonly…butalso连接两个并列主语时不可倒装。只有在连接两个句子且将notonly所连接的句子提到句首时,才可用倒装,butalso后面的句子不倒装。前倒后不倒.Notonlydidweloseallourmoney,butwealsolostourWay.【疑难4】Thevillagersdidnotrealizehowseriousthepollutionwasuntilallthefishdiedintheriver.→Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriverdidthevillagersrealizehowseriousthepollutionwas.(将until后面的全部内容提前)【疑难剖析4】notuntil提前时,要用倒装,且必须将notuntil后面的全部内容提前,而不仅仅是notuntil这两个词。Notuntil放在句首,从句不倒装,主句倒装。【疑难3】Ihadhardlygottotheairportwhentheplanetookoff.→HardlyhadIgottotheairportwhentheplanetookoff.(注意谓语动词形式)【疑难剖析3】在“hardly/scarcely…when/nosooner”位于句首时,要用部分倒装。nosooner…than…,hardly/scarcely…when…表示“一…就…时,主句用过去完成时(倒装),从句用过去时。前倒后不倒.e.g.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.【疑难5】Ineitherwantedtoseethefilmnorboughttheticket.→NeitherdidIwanttoseethefilmnordidIbuytheticket.【疑难剖析5】neither…nor句型中两个句子都需要部分倒装。2.so/as/neither/nor为标志词放在句首时,句子用倒装。①表示前面所说的肯定情况,也适合于另一人或物时,句式如下:so/as+be(助动词或情态动词)+主语。②表示前面所说的否定情况也适合于另一人或物时,句式如下:neither(nor)+be(助动词或情态动词)+主语。【特别提醒】①“so+主语+助动词(或be动词)”表示对上文肯定的内容加以肯定或赞同,意为“的确如此”;例如:—It'sraininghard.天下着大雨。—Soitis.是的。②“主语+did+so”表示:“主语”这样做了。例如:TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballwithhimandIdidso.Tom要我去踢足球,我去了。3.only修饰的状语放在句首时,主句倒装。e.g.(1)你只有用这种方法才能学好英语。OnlyinthiswaycanyoulearnEnglishwell.(2)只有他有时间的话他才会来。Onlyifhehastimewillhecomehere.(3)他被请了3次才来开会。Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.(4)Onlythatboycanworkouttheproblem.只有那个男孩才能解答出这个问题。【结论3】1.“only+状语(或状语从句)”放在句首时,句子用部分倒装。倒装主句而不倒装从句,即:“主倒从不倒”。2.only之后强调的不是状语而是主语部分时,不可倒装。3.only后被强调的状语一般为副词(如then等)、介词短语(inthisway)或状语从句(when从句)。4.在“so…that”和“such…that”表程度时,将“so+adj.”和“such+n.”提到句首时,句子用部分倒装。前倒后不倒.e.g.(1)Soterriblewasthestormthatthewholeroofwasblownoff.暴风雨如此厉害,整个屋顶都被吹掉了。(2)SuchacleverboywasJackthathewasabletoworkoutallthesedifficultproblems.杰克是如此聪明的孩子,他能解答所有这些难题。5.as/though(虽然,尽管)引导的让步状语从句,只须把表语,状语,或动词原形提到as前。主谓不发生倒装。Tiredashefelt,hekeptonworking.Childashewas,hecouldworkouttheproblem.Abad-temperedmanasheis,helovesmedeeply.MuchashelikesEnglish,heisnotgoodatit.Tryaswemight,wecouldnotbringhimaroundtoacceptourview.注意:作表语的单数可数名词提到主语前时不带冠词。as也可以替换成though.6.表示时间频率的状语位于句首时,且表示强调时,句子用倒装语序。常用的频率状语有always,usually,often,nowandthen,once,manyatime,everyday等。Eg.1)Oftendidhecometomyhomeinthepast.2)ManyatimehaveIseenherwalkingaloneinthestreet.倒装倒装句的高考考点:全部倒装部分倒装1.在以here、there、now、then、off、away等副词开头的句子里。2.表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。1、Only+状语位于句首时2.否定副词或短语位于句首时3、在省去if的虚拟条件从句中4、So\Neither\Nor位于句首时5、as引导的让步状语从句6、特殊句式1.【2011全国卷I28】Onlywhenhereachedthetea-house______itwasthesameplacehe’dbeeninlastyear.A.herealizedB.hedidrealizeC.realizedheD.didherealize2.【2011福建卷29】—It’snice.Neverbefore____suchaspecialdrink!—I’mgladyoulikeit.A.IhavehadB.IhadC.haveIhadD.