1.首先关系代词which在定语从句指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语,既可引导限制性定语从句,又可引导非限制性定语从句。1.1.引导限制性定语从句E.g:Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellbest.商店应存有最畅销的货物。1.2.引导非限制性定语从句。(1)用来指代一个句子。E.g:Internetissointeresting,whichmakesallpossiblehappen.因特网是如此有趣,它使任何事都有可能发生。(2)用来指代句子的一部分。E.g:Whendeepinthought,whichheoftenwas,hewouldforgetallaroundhim.他常常陷入沉思,这时他就会忘掉周围的一切。(3)如果要引导两个非限制性定语从句,第二个which前要加and.E.g:Heboughtabook,whichwaswrittenbyLuXun,andwhichhedecidedtogivetohisfriend.他买了本鲁迅写的书,他决定送给朋友。2.which和that在定语从句中的区别2.1使用that的情况:1)当先行词是nothing,something,anything,all,each等不定代词时。E.g:Doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotellme?2)当先行词被all,any,some,no,not,every,each等修饰时。E.g:Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood.3)当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。E.g:ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtmyself.ThebiggestbirdthatIcaughtisthisbird.4)主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时E.g:Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting.5)当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物.E.g:Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatshewas.6)如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that.E.g:Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.7)在therebe句型中,只用that.E.g:Heaskedforthelatestbook(that)thereisonthesubject.8)当先行词被thevery,thelast,thenext,theonly等词修饰时。E.g:ThisistheverybookthatIlostyesterday.9)当先行词又有人又有物时。E.g:Iwon’tforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatIsaw.2.2只能使用which的情况:1)非限制性定语从句中。E.g:Maryhasabook,whichisveryprecious.2)在介词之后。E.g:Thisisahouseinwhichlivesanoldman.3)当主句中的主语被that修饰时。E.g:ThatdogwhichIfoundinthestreetbelongstoMary.3.定语从句中as和which的区别3.1as引导的定语从句表示说话人对话语的看法、态度、依据、解释或评论。具有下列特点:1)as用于引导定语从句时,具有“正如……、像……、由……而知”等语义。如:E.g:Hewasstronglyagainsttheplan,ascouldbeexpected.正如所料,他强烈反对这项计划。2)as引导的定语从句在语义上要和主句保持一致,而which可不一定,如果语义不一致,则要用which来替代as。如:E.g:Hemarriedagain,as(which)wasnatural.他又结婚了,这是自然的。3)as引导的定语从句,其先行词可由以下词来修饰,thesame/such/as等。也可以由which来改写,但不可直接替换。E.g:Thisisthesamesumaswasspentinthatyearonprivatemotoring.=Thisisthesumwhichwasspentinthatyearonprivatemotoring.这与那年用于私人汽车所花的费用相同。4)as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在主句之后,也可放在主句之前。但which只能放在主句之后。如:E.g:Aswehaveseen,oceanscovermorethan70%oftheearth.如我们所见,海洋覆盖地球70%多的面积。E.g:Heseemedaforeigner,whichinfacthewas.他看上去像个外国人,事实上他就是。5)as在定语从句中作宾语时,从句的谓语动词常是see/watch/know/hear等表示感知的动词,且谓语动词前带有情态动词can/could/may等,此外常用的动词还有say/tell/remember等。E.g:Itwastrue,aseverybodycouldknow.这是真的,大家都知道。6)as在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词可以是及物动词的被动语态,也可以是be或其它连系动词。如是不及物动词,则不存在以上关系。可以说asoftenhap-pens(appears)等。E.g;Hecamebackyesterday,aswasexpected.他如期昨日返回。3.2which引导的此类从句,是对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明,表明事物的状态或结果。一般有下列特点:1)如果定语从句的谓语是行为动词的主动语态,且关系代词在从句中作主语时,一般要用which,这时which可以用andthat改写为并列句。E.g:Thingsthengreatlychanged,whichsurprisedus.=Thingsthengreatlychanged,andthatsurprisedus.那时事情巨变,使我们惊讶。2)由“介词+关系代词”引导的关系分句多用于正式文体中,常用“介词+which”,不用“介词+as”。E.g:Theytriedtothinkofaplanbywhichtheycouldfinishtheirtaskaheadoftime.他们试图想个计划,以便提前完成任务。3.3在与上述几条不冲突的情况下,as和which可以换用。E.g:Ahorseisausefulanimal,as/whicheverybodyknows.众所周知,马是有用的动物。