M5-unit2-Grammar现在分词

GrammarandusageTherearemanysleepingstudentsinclass.（表语）（定语）Feelingthelessonisboring,thestudentsaresleepy.Thestudentsfeelthelessonboring.Thelessonisboring.（宾补）（状语）3.ThemanwhoisrunninginthepictureisLiuXiang.2.ThemanrunninginthepictureisLiuXiang.1.arunningman一、V-ingusedasattribute:小结:V-ing形式作定语可表示动作正在进行或与所修饰名词有逻辑上的主谓关系.单个V-ing词作定语修饰名词一般置于名词之前（如例1）；V-ing词组修饰名词则置于名词之后（如例2），此时相当于一个定语从句（如例3）.在礼堂里做演讲的教授在田间劳作的农民持续半个小时的会议朝街的大楼theprofessorgivingaspeechinthehallthefarmersworkinginthefieldthemeetinglastinghalfanhourthebuildingfacingthestreetTranslatethephrasesusingv-ing：TheteacherteachingusEnglishisMr.SunRewritethefollowingsentenceswithattributiveclauses.=Theteacherwhoteaches/isteachingusEnglishisMr.Sun.Thepeoplesittingbehindusareallteachers.=Thepeoplewhoaresittingbehindusareallteachers.注意:现在分词与动名词作定语时的区别：动名词表示其修饰名词的性质或用途，与它修饰的词无逻辑上的主谓关系。现在分词做定语，表明被修饰名词的在进行的动作，与这个名词构成了逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句。asleepingcar=acarforsleepingasleepingboy=aboywhoissleeping动名词现在分词awaitingtaxi=ataxiwhichiswaitingawaitingroom=aroomforwaiting2.Wenoticedalotofpeople________________________二、V-ingusedasObjectComplement:1.Wesawsomestudents________________________________________3.Theyhavethefireburningallnight.playingbasketballontheplayground.waitingtoenterthestadium.V-ing形式作宾语补足语置于宾语之后，表示一个正在进行的动作（如例1、2），或强调一个过程或一种状态。（如例3）小结：V-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词：小结：1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see,hear,feel,find,notice,observe,watch等。2)表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have,set,keep,catch,leave等。如：V-ing形式作宾语补足语时，往往同宾语存在逻辑主谓关系。在see,hear,notice,feel,find等动词的后面，用现在分词做宾补表示动作正在进行（即观察到整体动作的一部分）,用不定式做宾补表示全过程。Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.1.Isawthem________(force)thedooropenwithahammer.2.Weheardthem___________(quarrel)aboutmoneyaftertheconcert;theylookedveryangry.3.Iheardhim__________(drop)lotsofcoinsintothecollectingtin.forcingquarrelingdroppingPracticeFillintheblankswiththeverbgiveninitsproperform.当我们回到学校时,发现一个陌生人站在大门口。Whenwereturnedtotheschool,we_________________________attheentrance.我发现地板上放着一个包。I___________________ontheground.那老板让工人整夜地工作。Theboss___________________________thewholenight.foundastrangerstandingfoundabaglyingkept/hadtheworkersworkingPracticeCompletethesentences:他对母亲的关爱很感人。Hisconcernforhismotheris_____________.三、V–ingusedaspredicativetouching/moving-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，现在分词作表语,相当于形容词,表示主语的性质Thefilmisinteresting.小提示：动名词和现在分词可用very来鉴别:在v-ing前加上very句意说得通的是现在分词,说不通的是动名词.PredicativeThisdestructionisfrightening.比较：Herjobislookingafterchildren.Lookingafterchildrenisherjob.interesting使人感兴趣的interested感兴趣的exciting令人激动的excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的worried感到担心的四、V-ingusedasanadverbial:V-ing词组可以在句中充当时间、原因、结果、条件、伴随、让步等状语。-ing短语作时间状语一般置于句首。如：Hearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.=Whentheyheardthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。1.作时间状语__________________________,Idecidedtowriteback.收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。=_____________________________,Idecidedtowriteback.HavingreceivedhisletterAfterIhadreceivedhisletter因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。____________________________________________,hedidn’tgolastweek.______________________________________________________________,hedidn’tgolastweek.-ing短语作原因状语一般置于句首。如：Beingsoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.=Becausehewassoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.因为太生气了，他不能入睡。2.作原因状语HavingbeentotheGreatWallmanytimesBecause/AshehadbeentotheGreatWallmanytimes3.作结果状语Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke,makingtheairdirty.=Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke.Asaresult,theairismadedirty.-ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：Workinghard,youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。4.作条件状语注意：__________,andyouwillsucceed.Workhard-ing短语作让步状语，可置于句首或句末，常与evenif,though连用。如：5.作让步状语Thoughworkingfrommorningtillnight,hisfatherdidn’tgetenoughfood.=Althoughhisfatherworkedfrommorningtillnight,hedidn’tgetenoughfood.虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.=Theysangandlaughed;theycameintotheclassroom.他们又唱又笑地走进教室。6.作伴随/方式状语WhilestayinginBeijing,hecametoseemetwice.=WhilehewasstayinginBeijing,hecametoseemetwice.小结:1.-ing短语可以直接与when,while,though,until,if等连词连用，如：3.动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。一些独立结构：1.Generally_____(speak),wehavelearntalotinthisschool.2._____(judge)fromhisappearance,heissomebody.speakingJudging时态/语态主动被动一般式完成式2.Basicformsofverb-ingdoingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone4.非谓语动词的否定式均为not+非谓语动词Hesatthere,notknowingwhattosay.1.a.Hearingthenews,tearsrandownherface.b.Hearingthenews,shecriedoutsadly.2.a.Enteringtheclassroom,Ifoundnobodyinit.b.Enteringtheclassroom,nobodywasfoundinit.3.a.Lookingoutthroughthewindow,thegardenwasbeautiful.b.Lookingoutthroughthewindow,wesawabeautifulgarden.4.a.Readingtheeveningnewspaper,adogstartedbarking.b.Iwasreadingtheeveningnewspaperwhenadogstartedbarking.Choosethecorrectsentence.1.Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thus____thedelay.A.tocauseB.causingC.causedD.cause2.The______boywaslastseen______nearthebankofthelake.A.missing;playingB.missing;p