全国通用2012届高考英语一轮语法专题复习:虚拟语气虚拟语气的考查在高考中主要出现在单项填空部分。1.主要考查的知识点:(1)在状语从句和名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法(2)含蓄虚拟语气复习重点:(1)掌握虚拟语气的基本概念及用法。(2)在条件句中省略if的虚拟语气。(3)意义上不是虚拟语气,但必须使用虚拟语气的情况。2.如何应对虚拟语气的考查解题时,首先要确定题干句子表示的句意为真实的还是虚拟的,来决定是否该用虚拟语气。带有状语从句的复合句应重点看从句,根据从句句意所表达的信息来判断是否该用虚拟。虚拟语气确定后要明确是对现在、过去还是对将来的虚拟,从而确定虚拟语气的形式。(2011天津卷)15.I______soonerbutIdidn’tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.A.hadcomeB.wascomingC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecomeD(2011江苏卷)34.—Ileftmyhandbagonthetrain,butluckilysomeonegaveittotherailwayofficials.—Howunbelievabletogetitback!Imean,someone_______it.A.willhavestolenB.mighthavestolenC.shouldhavestolenD.musthavestolenD(2009·福建)ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I______thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon思路点拨:分析题干,根据ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher(要不是我的英语老师),可知该句为虚拟语气。整句语意为:要不是英语老师的帮助,我就赢不了英语写作比赛一等奖。“赢得一等奖”是已经过去的事情了,所以此处表达的是对过去的虚拟,谓语该用wouldnothavedone的形式。故判断空格处应该选B。熟读深思1.状语从句中的虚拟语气(1)IfI__had__(have)time,Iwouldgothere.(2)Ifyouhadcomeearlier,you__couldn't/wouldn't_have_missed__(miss)thebus.(3)Ifit__should_rain/were_to_rain__(rain)tomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldbeputoff.(4)Wegotupearlyinorderthatwecouldcatchthefirstbus.熟读深思(5)Wegotupearlyforfearthatweshouldmissthefirstbus.(6)Wegotupearlylestthatweshouldmissthefirstbus.(7)ShespeaksEnglishasthoughshewereanativeofNewYork.(8)Itseemsasifhedoesn'tknowher.归纳总结虚拟语气的结构及用法:非真实的条件,常由if引导,主句和从句常用虚拟语气。1.条件与现在事实相反,从句谓语用一般过去时(be多用were);主句谓语用would/should/could/might+动词原形,如:(1)。2.条件与过去事实相反,从句谓语用过去完成时haddone;主句谓语用would/should/could/might+havedone,如:(2)。3.条件与将来事实相反,从句谓语用shoulddo/weretodo;主句谓语用would/should/could/might+动词原形,如:(3)。归纳总结规则1:目的状语从句1.sothat/inorderthat+从句:从句用can/could/may/might+动词原形,如:(4)。2.forfearthat/incasethat+从句:从句用should+动词原形,意为“以防,万一”,如:(5)。3.lest+从句:从句用should+动词原形,“以防万一”,如:(6)。归纳总结规则2:方式状语从句asif/asthough+从句:从句的虚拟语气与wish后的宾语从句虚拟语气类似,如:(7)。【注意】asif/asthough连接的从句表示可能的事实时,不需用虚拟语气,如:(8)。熟读深思2.名词性从句中的虚拟语气(1)ItissuggestedthatI(should)exerciseeveryday.Thedoctor'ssuggestionisthatI(should)exerciseeveryday.(2)Hisfacesuggestedthathewasverysad.(3)Howhewishesthathewereabird.(4)WewishthatwehadvisitedtheGreatWalllastyear.熟读深思(5)Wewishwewouldliveonthemoononeday.(6)Iwouldratheryouwerenotherewithmenow.(7)Iwouldratheryouhadn'tdonethat.(8)Itisimportantthatwe(should)haveagoodknowledgeofcomputerscience.(9)Itisapitythatyou(should)beabsentfromthemeeting.(10)Wearesurprisedthathe(should)beadoctor.规则1:名词性从句中,表示“建议,命令,要求”等意义时,名词性从句用(should)+动词原形。(1)建议:动词advise,suggest,propose,recommend(名词advice,suggestion,proposal,recommendation)(2)命令:名词order,command(3)要求:动词request,require,demand,ask,insist(名词request,requirement,demand),如:(1)。归纳总结【注意】(1)suggest意为“表明,暗示”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气,如:(2)。(2)insist意为“坚持认为,坚持说”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。规则2:Iwish(that)+宾语从句(虚拟语气)(1)表示愿望与“现在事实相反”,从句用一般过去时,如:(3)。(2)表示愿望与“过去事实相反”,从句用过去完成时,如:(4)。(3)表示愿望实现的可能性很小,从句常用could/might/would+动词原形,如:(5)。归纳总结规则3:wouldrather/prefer+that从句(从句用虚拟语气)(1)表示愿望与“现在事实相反”,从句用一般过去时,如:(6)。(2)表示愿望与“过去事实相反”,从句用过去完成时,如:(7)。规则4:名词性从句表示说话人“强烈”的感情色彩时,从句用should+动词原形/should+havedone,should可译为“应该;居然,竟然”。should可以省略。归纳总结常见的句型如下:(1)Itisimportant/necessary/strange/surprising/funny/natural+that从句,如:(8)。(2)Itisapity/ashame/anhonour/nowonderthat从句,如:(9)。(3)主语+be+sorry/disappointed/surprised+that从句,如:(10)。归纳总结熟读深思3.定语从句中的虚拟语气(1)It'stimethatweshouldgohome.(2)It'stimethatwewenthome.(3)ItisthesecondtimethatIhavevisitedBeijing.(4)ItwasthesecondtimethatIhadvisitedBeijing.归纳总结It's(about/high/very)timethat从句(从句用虚拟语气,谓语用一般过去式或shoulddo,should不能省略),意为“某人该做某事了”,如:(1)、(2)。注意下面固定句型的时态搭配:①It/Thisisthefirst/second/…timethat+主语+has/havedone…②It/Thiswasthefirst/second/…timethat+主语+haddone.如:(3)、(4)。熟读深思4.简单句中的虚拟语气(1)LonglivethePeople'sRepublicofChina!(2)Mayyousucceed!(3)Everybodyleavetheroom!(4)Letoneofyougoandtellhertocome.归纳总结虚拟语气用于简单句时,一般表示祝愿、命令等。谓语要用动词原形。规则1:表示祝愿,如:(1)、(2)。规则2:表示命令,如:(3)、(4)。熟读深思5.含蓄虚拟语气(1)Ifonlyyou__hadn't_told__(nottell)himthenews.(2)Humanbeingswoulddiewithoutwater.⇒Humanbeings__would_die__iftherewerenowater.(3)I__couldn't_have_succeeded__butforyourhelp.⇒Icouldn'thavesucceededifyouhadn'thelpedme.熟读深思(4)Ihadnomoneythen.OtherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook.IfI__had_had__moneythen,Iwouldhaveboughtthatbook.(5)Hadtheyhadtime(=Iftheyhadhadtime),theywouldhavecertainlycometohelpus.(6)IfIhadstudiedinauniversity,Iwouldgetthejobinthecompany.归纳总结常用含蓄虚拟语气的情况:规则1:ifonly意为“要是……就好了”(与wish后面的虚拟语气类似),如:(1)。规则2:without/butfor如果没有……,……就会……。如:(2)、(3)。规则3:otherwise/or否则,不然的话,就会……。如:(4)。【注意】(1)当虚拟语气的条件状语从句中有had,should,were时,在正式或书面语言中可将if省略,而把had,should,were提前到句首,变为半倒装,如:(5)。归纳总结(2)混合虚拟语气虚拟语气中,常出现从句与主句表示不同时期的事情,此时,从句与主句则分别用不同时态的虚拟语气。如:(6)。(3)几种特别用法was/weresupposedtohavedone理应做……was/weretohavedone本计划做……hadthought/believed…,but…本以为……hadplanned/intended…,but…本计划……,本打算……hadwished/hoped…,but…本希望……