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高考英语《语法》专题复习01《完形填空》一、考纲要求与说明完形填空题型考查考生语篇中灵活运用语言知识的能力。这种题型既可以测试词汇、句法等语言方面的知识，又可以考查学生的理解、联想、判断、推理等方面的思维能力，具有较强的区分度，对考生的能力要求较高。二、完形填空的命题原理一篇文章有其主题思想，篇章结构，行文逻辑关系及语言特色，即使挖去一些词语，仍可通过对剩余部分的内容所作的分析与判断，准确推知空去的词语。三、NMET完形填空试题特点1、所选文章题材广泛如日常生活、文史知识、科技小品、政治经济、人物、社会、故事等，体裁主要是记叙文说明文甚至于夹叙夹议。但总的看来，所选文章行文结构紧凑层次分明，逻辑性强，难度稍低于阅读理解。2、文章长度一般300词左右，空距15词左右；选项为单个词汇为主，词汇考查以信息词汇为主（如名词、动词、形容词、副词等）尤其以动词和名词为主，文章第一句往往不挖空，保留提示句。3、难度逐年稳步增加：一、NMET完形填空立足语篇的试题数量在逐年增加；二、干扰项的干扰性也在逐年增加，干扰项一般与正确选项都属于同等词性或同等范畴，与空前空后的词语也大多构成搭配，因而极具迷惑性、干扰性。四、试题类型按照试题层次可分为四个类型：1、单词层次（用于考查单词拼写或词形变换）2、词组层次（考查词组的固定搭配）3、句子层次（考查句法内容）4、语篇层次（考查对全文的把握）近年来的高考试题中已没有单词层次的试题，试题主要为句子层次和语篇层次．五、完形填空解题技巧主要失分原因1、不善于抓住文中的主旨大意，片面理解，具体表现是边看边填；2、不善于逻辑推理，容易受思维定势的干扰，忽视特定语境中知识的应用；3、对完形填空怀有厌倦、恐惧心理，对完形填空处于应付状态，解题能力得不到提高。解题技巧：1、要首先把握文章的主题思想，篇章结构，行文逻辑甚至语言特色，克服只从语法角度推理思考的不良习惯。2、要善于把握文中的关键信息，信息句（往往就是文章或自然段的首尾句）和信息词（上文伏笔、下文呼应）。3、采用正确的解题步骤：（1）跳空猜读，领悟大意。（2）准确推理，逐空选填。（3）及时复读，验证选项。解题时应遵循的原则：立足语篇原则前后贯通原则先易后难原则推理方法举例[例1]（辽宁）42isknowntousall,thereisnot43(enough)waterinallplacesforevery-onetouseasmuchashelikes.42.A.ThatB.ItC.WhatD.As[例2]（重庆）Everyonewas48afraidtogoinbecausethefirewas49(outofcontrol)soIwentin.48.A.soB.muchC.quiteD.too1、利用语法分析解题２、利用原词复现，同、近义词，反义词信息解题[例1](湖北)“Wedon’twantanymoney,It’sour55”.Clayrealizedthatwhileitmighthavebeentheirpleasure,itwasnowherdutytopassontheir“doontoothers”spirit.55.A.wishB.jobC.dutyD.pleasure[例2](江苏)On39days,sheworeheavyclothesandapairofwoolengloves.Summertime40(brought)outneat,beltedcottondressesandahatpulledlowoverhersunglasses.39.A.sunnyB.rainyC.cloudyD.snowy３、利用固定搭配解题[例1]（全国III）Iadmiredthefactthathewouldtalktostudentsoutsidetheclassroomortalkwiththem44thetelephone.44.A.inB.byC.fromD.on[例2]（北京）Isallthispressurenecessary?I50upleavingthefootballteam,Fourothergirlsdidthesame,andtwoofthemstoppedplayingfootballcompletely.50.A.gaveB.keptC.endedD.picked４、利用上下文语境解题[例１](全国I)OnahotsummerdayinlateAugust,IsoughtshadeandacooldrinkatawaterfrontcaféonaGreekisland.Overahundreddegreesin36air.Crowded.Temperofboththetouristsandwaitershad37(risen)tomeetthesituation.36.A.freshB.coolC.stillD.thin[例２]（全国III）...hewouldjoinstudentgroupstodiscussavarietyof47:agriculture,divingandmathematics.47.A.questionsB.subjectsC.mattersD.contents[例3](重庆)Theformer37(make)everypossibleefforttoavoidbeingdiscovered,whilethelatterquickly38attentiontothemselves.38.A.giveB.keepC.payD.draw[例4](全国I)44appeared.Hepausedforjustasecond,walkedintothewaterto45(set)thetableandtaketheir46(order),andthenwalkedbacktotheloudcheersoftherestofhis48(customers).44.A.ThemanagerB.AfriendC.AwaiterD.Theservant5、利用对比、排比和平行结构解题[例1]（辽宁）The48(correct)watersupplyforecastisbasedmoreonthewaterfromthe49thanfromthebelow.49.A.cloudsB.skyC.airD.above[例2]45thewallet,foundinthestreet,beputintoapocket46turnedovertothepoliceman?Shouldthe47(extra)changereceivedatthestorebeforgottenor48(returned)?45.A.ShouldB.MustC.WouldD.Need46.A.andB.orC.theD.but6、利用经验常识解题[例1]（广东）Shehadadaughter,Persephone,whomshelovedverymuch.Hades,godoftheunderworld,fellinlovewithPersephone,andheaskedZeus,the37ofthegods,togivePersephonetohimashiswife.37.A.winnerB.rulerC.advisorD.fighter[例2]（全国）Andthereonawell-madebedsatAmy,mynewroommate,dressedneatly.Greetingmewithanod,shesaidinasoftvoice,“Hi,youmustbeCori.”Then,she45themusicandlookedoveratmyfather.“Andofcourse,you’reMr.Faber,”shesaid….45.A.turnedonB.turneddownC.playedD.enjoyed(春北京、安徽卷)完形填空题文章分析：学校宽松的管理学生的自觉行为不同的课程方式（以植物、数学为例）学校的优点（以己为例）本文介绍了freeschool与regularschool之间的不同之处，说明了freeschool的优点。鲜明的对比P1：P2：P3：P4：大意：(春北京、安徽卷)完形填空题MyExperienceinaFreeSchoolAtfirstIcouldn‘tbelieveit!Therewereno26inrows;nobellrings;noonehadtogoto27.Althoughwealllived“in”,28madeusgotobedatacertaintime;therewasnolightsout.26.A.desksB.lightsC.studentsD.buildings27.A.homeB.bedC.classD.work28.A.anybodyB.nobodyC.teachersD.parentsThe29thingwasthatpracticallyallthestudentswenttoclass,30veryfewpeoplestayeduplateatnight.Onlythenewpeoplestayedupor31class.Thenewonesalwayswentwild32,butthisneverlastedlong.The33tooksomegettingusedto.Ourteacherstreateduslike34,neverdidwehaveto35“standup”,“sitdown”,“speakout”.Idon‘t36onestudentwhodidn'ttryhisbest.29.A.sadB.lastC.goodD.strange30.A.andB.butC.soD.yet31.A.attendedB.tookC.missedD.studied32.A.fromthenonB.atfirstC.oncemoreD.justthen33.A.freedomB.habitC.timeD.people34.A.workersB.pupilsC.gardenersD.grown-ups35.A.understandB.studyC.playD.say36.A.hearfromB.feellikeC.thinkaboutD.knowofThesubjectwerethesameasthosein37school,butwhatadifferenceintheapproach(方法)!Forexample,inbotany(植物学)wehad38classesinthespringorfallbutinsteadwe39twogardens,avegetablegardenandaflowergarden.40inwinterweeachstudiedafew41thingsaboutwhatwehadgrown.37.A.nightB.regularC.smallD.real38.A.allB.shortC.noD.indoor39.A.plantedB.studiedC.drewD.toured40.A.StillB.ThenC.YetD.Next41.A.wildB.successfulC.usualD.particularInmaththestudentsbuiltthreedifferentkindsofstorerooms---smallones42,butusable.Theydidthisinsteadofhavinglessonsintheclassroom.Theyreallyhada43timetoo,designingeverything,drawingtheblueprints,44theangles(角度)andsoon.Ididn‘ttake45.Ican’tstandit!Besides,Ico