How to write a literature review-学术英语写作

HowtowritealiteraturereviewTeammembers:HuaShixianRuanChaohui，HuangRizhen，ZuoBo，ChenLing•1.Whatisareviewoftheliterature?•2.Whydowewriteliteraturereview?•3.Howtowriteliteraturereview?•4.Citedsourcesinaliteraturereview•5.OrderofCitations•6.VerbTenseinCitation1.Whatisareviewoftheliterature?•AccordingtotheWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia,Aliteraturereviewisabodyoftextthataimstoreviewthecriticalpointsofcurrentknowledgeandormethodologicalapproachesonaparticulartopic.Literaturereviewsaresecondarysources,andassuch,donotreportanynewororiginalexperimentalwork.Awell-structuredliteraturereviewischaracterizedbyalogicalflowofideas;currentandrelevantreferenceswithconsistent,appropriatereferencingstyle;properuseofterminology;andanunbiasedandcomprehensiveviewofthepreviousresearchonthetopic.2.Whydowewriteliteraturereview?•Literaturereviewsprovideyouwithahandyguidetoaparticulartopic.Ifyouhavelimitedtimetoconductresearch,literaturereviewscangiveyouanovervieworactasasteppingstone.Forprofessionals,theyareusefulreportsthatkeepthemuptodatewithwhatiscurrentinthefield.3.Howtowrite:(1)Fourstages1.Problemformulation—whichtopicorfieldisbeingexaminedandwhatareitscomponentissues?2.Literaturesearch—findingmaterialsrelevanttothesubjectbeingexplored3.Dataevaluation—determiningwhichliteraturemakesasignificantcontributiontotheunderstandingofthetopic4.Analysisandinterpretation—discussingthefindingsandconclusionsofpertinentliterature(2)FourtasksAliteraturereviewmustdothesethings:1.beorganizedaroundandrelateddirectlytothethesisorresearchquestionyouaredeveloping2.synthesizeresultsintoasummaryofwhatisandisnotknown3.identifyareasofcontroversyintheliterature4.formulatequestionsthatneedfurtherresearch(3)Elementscomprisedinliteraturereview•Anoverviewofthesubject,issueortheoryunderconsideration,alongwiththeobjectivesoftheliteraturereview•Divisionofworksunderreviewintocategories(e.g.thoseinsupportofaparticularposition,thoseagainst,andthoseofferingalternativethesisentirely)•Explanationofhoweachworkissimilartoandhowitvariesfromtheothers•Conclusionsastowhichpiecesarebestconsideredintheirargument,aremostconvincingoftheiropinions,andmakethegreatestcontributiontotheunderstandinganddevelopmentoftheirareaofresearch(4)Strategiesforwritingtheliteraturereview•Findafocus:notjustsimplylistyoursourcesandgointodetailabouteachoneofthem,oneatatime.•Constructaworkingthesisstatement：argueforaparticularperspectiveonthematerial．•Useevidence：interpretationmustbebackedupwithevidencetoshowthatwhatyouaresayingisvalid.•Beselective：Selectonlythemostimportantpointsineachsourcetohighlightinthereview.Summarizeandsynthesize：Remembertosummarizeandsynthesizeyoursourceswithineachparagraphaswellasthroughoutthereview.Whiletheliteraturereviewpresentsothers'ideas,yourvoice(thewriter's)shouldremainfrontandcenter.４．Citedsourcesinaliteraturereview•Wecannotimagineonecanfulfillthewritingofaliteraturereviewwithoutreferringtoanybibliography.Inotherwords,tomakealiteraturereviewmoreconvincing,thewriterhastohavesomecitedsourcesinhisorherliteraturereview.Howtoquote•Asforthewritingofaliteraturereviewforhisorhergraduationpaper,oneneedstodothefollowing:A.CiteandquotewhennecessaryB.Usein-textcitationsC.Numberofcitedsources(atleast20)D.Allcitedsourcesmustbelistedinthebibliography.5.OrderofCitations1)Chronological：earliest→latest2)Generaltospecific:remotelyrelated→closelyrelated3)Differentapproaches:oneapproach+another+stillanotherapproach59-1359-14FollowingispartofaliteraturereviewtakenfromtheintroductiontoapaperinthefieldofEnglishlearning.Thesentencesaregivenhereinscrambleorder.Arrangethesentencesintheorderyoufeeltheyshouldappearintheoriginaltext.ThereviewbeginswithsentenceB.59-15StylisticVariationsinScienceLectures_____A.PangandWright(2005)broadenedthelinguisticfocustoincludesomepedagogicalandsociolinguisticaspectsoflecturing,suchassetting,levelofformality,participantroles,andlecturetopics._____B.Mostresearchonthelecturemethodhasbeenconductedinanative-speakercontext._____C.Theroleofvocabularyinmediatinginstructionhasrecentlyattractedtheattentionofappliedlinguists._____D.Anumberofstudieshavesofarexaminedthewaysinformationispresentedinlectures;andrecommendationsforimprovingthestudyskillsofnativespeakershavebeenproposed(e.g.,Northetal.,2000;Murphy,2002;Hall,2005).____E.Lee(2006)hasexaminedfunctionofdefinitionsinsciencelectures.____F.OnlyafewresearchershaveconsideredthespecialproblemsforeignstudentsmayhavewithlecturesgiveninEnglish(Ding,1999;Young&Wilson,2003;Richards&Flower,2007).____G.YoungandWilson(2003)concentratedonthelinguisticaspect:eitheronhowmessageswereencoded,orontheaspectsthatmightcausedecodingproblemsfornativespeakers.59-16StylisticVariationsinScienceLecturesB.Mostresearchonthelecturemethodhasbeenconductedinanative-speakercontext.D.Anumberofstudieshavesofarexaminedthewaysinformationispresentedinlectures;andrecommendationsforimprovingthestudyskillsofnativespeakershavebeenproposed(e.g.,Northetal.,2000;Murphy,2002;Hall,2005).F.Onlyafewresearchershaveconsideredthespecialproblemsforeignstudentsmayhavewit