英语时态8种基本时态讲解

实用文档英语时态8种基本时态讲解一．概念：英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，需用不同的动词形式表示，这种不同的动词形式称为时态。二．种类：（基本时态）一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时三．用法：1．一般现在时：1）一般现在时表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态及客观现实和普遍真理。一般现在时常以动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，动词词尾加-s或-es。2）句型结构：主语＋Ｖ.（包括be动词）＋宾语＋…Sheisanengineer.Hehasbreakfastat6:00everyday.3）注意：一般现在时通常与always,often,usually,everyday,sometimes,onceaweek等时间状语连用。2．一般过去时1）一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态，通常与表示过去的时间状语yesterday,lastnight,someyearsago,in1990,inthosedays.等连用。Iwasastudent6yearsago.2）句型结构：主语＋Ｖ.过去时＋宾语＋…例句：昨天他很忙3）否定句和疑问句。a)----Hewasbusyyesterday.-----Hewasn’tbusy.-----Washebusy?-----Yes,hewas./No,hewasn’t.实用文档4）动词过去式变化规则。a)一般情况下的词加-ed.work---workedcall----calledb)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词直接加-d.live----livedchange----changedsmoke----smokeddie----diedgraduate----graduateddrive----drovec)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词，变y为i加-ed.study----studiedcarry----carriedcry----criedtry----triedmarry----marriedd)以“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词直接加-ed.play----playedstay----stayede)以“一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母”结尾的单词应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ed.stop----stoppedplan----plannedpat----pattedf)动词不规则变化：do----didgo----wentcome----camerun----ranwrite----wrotebegin----begandrink----drankkeep----keptleave----leftsleep----sleptmake----madelie----laydig----dugeat----ateknow----knewcut----cutset----setlet----letread----readhurt----hurt例句：我前天拿走了这本书。去年我买了一辆自行车。每天晚上我听音乐。3．一般将来时1)表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表将来的时间状语tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nextSunday,soon,inafewdays等连用。实用文档2)句型结构：主语＋will/shall＋V.原形＋…（第一人称用shall）IshallgotoShanghaitomorrow.Theywillhaveameetingnextweek.----Shewillbe20yearsold.----Willshebe20yearsold?----Yes,shewill./No,shewon’t.3)主语＋will/shall＋V.原形＋…be(am,is,are)goingtoTheywillhaveameetingnextSunday.(will=aregoingto)----WhatwilltheydonextSunday?----Whenwilltheyhaveameeting?4)beaboutto＋V.原形Iamabouttoleaveschool.不能与表示时间的副词连用。Theyareabouttosetout.(√)Theyareabouttosetoutsoon.(×)复习题：1.He(do)hishomeworkatschooleveryday.2.They(finish)theirworkyesterday.5.他将骑自行车去学校4．过去将来时1）过去将来时是立足于过去某时，从过去的观点看将要发生的动作或状态。主要用于宾语从句中。实用文档2）基本结构：主语+would/shouldwas/weregoingto+V.原形+…Hesaidthathewouldhaveameetingnextweek.5．现在进行时1)现在进行时表示现在或现在这段时间正在进行的动作。通常与now,atpresent等时间状语连用。2)基本结构：主语+be(am,is,are)+v-ing+…Youarelisteningtomecarefullynow.3）动词现在分词的构成①一般动词直接在词后加-ingdo–doingread–reading②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，应先去掉e然后加–inglike–likingtake–takingleave–leavinglive–livingreceive–receivingdance–dancing③以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾的动词，应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ingstop–stoppingbegin–beginningdig–diggingswim–swimmingrun–runningsit–sitting(注意：listen–listeningopen–openingeat–eatingrain–rainingsleep-sleeping)6．过去进行时1）表示过去某一时刻或某阶段时间正在进行的动作，通常与at6:00yesterday,atthis/thattimeyesterday,when引导的时间状语等连用。2）基本结构主语+be(was/were)+v-ing+…实用文档1.Itwasrainingat7:00thedaybeforeyesterday.2.Theywerebuildingareservoiratthistimelastwinter.3.Wewerereadingwhentheteachercamein.Weweren’treading…Wereyoureading…Whatwereyoudoingwhentheteachercamein.He____(do)hishomeworknow.7.现在完成时1）1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响2．表示过去某时间已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态通常与下列时间状语连用uptonow,inthepast,recently,by…,for5years,since1994,sofar,already,yet,ever,just…2)基本结构主语+have/has+P.P(动词过去分词)1.I’vefinishedthiswork.Haveyouread…?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.Whathaveyouread?3)过去分词的构成（规则变化同过去式的构成）不规则变化如下dodiddonegowentgoneeatateeatencomecamecomehavehadhad实用文档writewrotewrittenbewas/werebeenseesawseenhearheardheardswimswamswumdrinkdrankdrunkgivegavegivenforgetforgotforgottentaketooktakenkeepkeptkeptsleepsleptsleptteachtaughttaughtbuyboughtboughttelltoldtoldmakemademadecutcutcuthurthurthurtreadreadreadletletlet4）注意1.含有终止意义或暂短意义的动词不能与for,since引导的一般时间状语连用。（buy,begin,die,come,go,join,leave等）实用文档A)Ihaveboughtabook.Ihaveboughtabookfor3day.(wrong)Ihavehadabookfor3years.B)Hehavejoinedthearmyfor3years.(wrong)Hehasbeeninthearmyfor3years.Hejoinedthearmy3yearsago.C)Hehasbeendeadfor3years.Hedied2yearsago.Itis2yearssincehedied.Hehasdiedfor2years.(wrong)D)HehasgonetoAustralia.2.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别（时间状语的区别）I___(hear)formherrecently/yesterday.8.过去完成时1）表示动作发生在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作或状态，强调“过去的过去”，常与bythetime,bytheendof…,before,by等引导时间的状语连用。2）基本结构主语+had+动词过去分词+…WhenIgottothecinemayesterdaythefilmhadbegunalready.昨天当我到达电影院时电影已经开始了。HehadlearnedEnglishbeforehecamehere.他来这儿之前已经学会英语了。Hehadaughtthisclassfor3yearsbythetimeIlefttheschool.当我离开这个学校为止他已教这个班级三年了。实用文档BytheendoflasttermIhadlearned2000Englishwords.到这学期末我已学会了2000个英语单词。时态部分总复习题I.Fillintheblanks.1.Weusually___(get)upat7:00everymorning.2.She___(watch)TVwhensheheardaloudknockatthedoorthistimeyesterday.3.Mymother___(come)heretomorrow.4.Look!Someone___(dance)there.5.WeiHua’sbrother___(join)thearmyin1995.6.He___(write)aletterthisafternoon.7.Rice___(grow)inthesouthofChina.