陶洁版-美国文学选读_第三版_课后习题答案

美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案陶洁(部分)Unit1BenjaminFranklinQuestions1.WhydidFranklinwritehisAutobiography?Franklinsaysthatbecausehissonmaywishtoknowabouthislife,heistakinghisoneweekvacationintheEnglishcountrysidetorecordhispast.Healsosaysthathehasenjoyedhislifeandwouldliketorepeatit2.WhatmadeFranklindecidetoleavethebrothertowhomhehadbeenapprenticed?Hisbrotherwaspassionate,andhadoftenbeatenhim.Theaversiontoarbitrarypowerthathasstucktohimthroughhiswholelife.Afterabrushwiththelaw,Franklinlefthisbrother.3.HowdidhearriveinPhiladephia?FirsthesetoutinaboatforAmboy,theboatdroppedhimoffabout50milesfromBurlington,thenextdayhereachedBurlingtononfoot,inBurlingtonhefoundaboatwhichwasgoingtowardsPhiladelphia,hearrivedthereabouteightornineo’clock,ontheSundaymorningandlandedattheMarketStreetwharf.4.Whatfeaturesdoyoufindinthestyleoftheaboveselection?ItisthepatternofPuritansimplicity,directness,andconcision(言简意赅).Thenarrativeislucid(易懂的),thestructureissimple,theimageryishomely(朴素的).Unit2EdgarAllenPoe1.Whoisthenarrator?Whatwrongdoeshewanttoredress?Montresor.Fortunato,oneofwineexpertsinsultedhim,sohewantedtomurderhim.2.WhatisthepretextheusestolureFortunatotohiswinecellar?HebaitsFortunatobytellinghimhehasobtainedwhathebelievestobeacaskofAmontilladoarareandvaluablesherrywine.FortunatoisanxioustodeterminewhetherornotitistrulyAmontillado,sohegoestothevaultwithMontresor.3.WhathappenstoFortunatointheend?Hewaswalledupalivebehindbricksinawinecellar.4.DescribebrieflyhowPoecharacterizesMontresorandFortunatoascontrasts?Poeusescolorimagerytocharacterizethem.Montresorfaceiscoveredinablacksilkmask,Incontrast,Fortunatodressesthemotley-coloredcostumeofthecourtfool,whogetsliterallyandtragicallyfooledbyMontresor'smaskedmotives.ThecolorschemeshererepresenttheironyofFortunato'sdeathsentence.Throughtheacts,words,andthoughtsofFortunato,weknowHeisgreedy,hewasluredintothedarkandsombervaultsjustbecauseacaskofAmontillado.Thisisalsoduetohisbadhabitofbibulosity(酗酒）.Helosthimselfonhearingthewine.Atthesametime,hewascheatedbyhisenemy,whichreflectedhisignorance.WhenheheardthepretendedcomplimentfromMontresor,hebecameveryboastfulandarrogant.Hewaseasilyconfusedbythesuperficialphenomenaandfailedtowatchoutforothers.Hecouldn’ttoleratethatotherswerestrongerthanhim.Forexample,MontresoralwaysstimulatedhimwithLuchresiwhowasgoodatconnoisseur（鉴赏）inwine.Undertheimpulseofvanity,hefellintoMontresor’sterribletrap.Infact,hewascarelessandfoolishanddidn’tfindthatthedangerwasapproachinghim.HelookeddownuponMontresorandothers.Hedidn’trealizehisfoolishnessuntilthedeathwascoming.Talkingfromtheappearance,Monstresorwasawell-educatedand“kind”businessman.Heenjoyedthehonorandrespectinthecity.Butinfact,hewasanevilandawfulperson.Hisinnerfeelingsweresocruelthattheyevenmadepeopletremble.Underhisrichappearancewasthedirtysoulanddespicablecharacter.Wecouldn’tseeanygloriousvirtuesinhismind.Instead,hisheartwascoldanddark.ItwastherevengethatthrewMontresorintothedeepevilvalley.unit4NathanielHawthorne1.WhyistheprisonthesettingofChapter1?Nomatterhowoptimisticthefoundersofnewcoloniesmaybe,theyarequicktoestablishaprisonandacemeteryintheir“Utopia,”fortheyknowthatmisbehavior,evil,anddeathareunavoidable.ThisbelieffitsintothelargerPuritandoctrine,whichputsheavyemphasisontheideaoforiginalsin—thenotionthatallpeoplearebornsinnersbecauseoftheinitialtransgressionsofAdamandEveintheGardenofEden.heisthereforeusingtheprisonbuildingtorepresentthecrimeandthepunishmentwhichareaspectofcivilizedlifeWhatistheimplicationofthedescriptionoftheroses?Therosebushsymbolizestheabilityofnaturetoendureandoutlastman'sactivities.ThenarratorsuggeststhatrosesofferareminderofNature'skindnesstothecondemned;forhistale,hesays,itwillprovideeithera“sweetmoralblossom”orelsesomereliefinthefaceofunrelentingsorrowandgloom.2.DescribetheappearanceofHesterPrynneandtheattitudeofthepeopletowardsher.Thesecondparagraphonpage30.Thecrowdinfrontofthejailisamixtureofmenandwomen,allmaintainingseverelooksofdisapproval.SeveralofthewomenbegintodiscussHesterPrynne,andtheysoonvowthatHesterwouldnothavereceivedsuchalightsentenceforhercrimeiftheyhadbeenthejudges.Onewoman,theugliestofthegroup,goessofarastoadvocatedeathforHester.3.WhathashappenedtoHester?Asayoungwoman,Hestermarriedanelderlyscholar,Chillingworth,whosentheraheadtoAmericatolive.Whilewaitingforhim,shehadanaffairwithaPuritanministernamedDimmesdale,afterwhichshegavebirthtoPearl.Thescarletletterisherpunishmentforhersinandhersecrecy.WhydoesshemaketheembroideryoftheletterAsoelaborate?Itseemstodeclarethatsheisproud,ratherthanashamed,ofhersin.Inreality,however,Hestersimplyacceptsthe“sin”anditssymbolaspartofherself,justassheacceptsherchild.Andalthoughshecanhardlybelieveherpresent“realities,”shetakesthemastheyareratherthanresistingthemortryingtoatoneforthem.Howdoesthistellusabouthercharacter?ThroughoutTheScarletLetterHesterisportrayedasanintelligent,capable.Itistheextraordinarycircumstancesshapingherthatmakehersuchanimportantfigure.Unit5HermanMelville1.WhatarethestoriesIsmaeltellsaboutMobyDick?IshmaelcomparesthelegendofMobyDick