第7章7.1选择题1.下列说法中正确的是(D)。A.同频率正弦量之间的相位差与频率密切相关B.若电压与电流取关联参考方向,则感性负载的电压相量滞后其电流相量90C.容性负载的电抗为正值D.若某负载的电压相量与其电流相量正交,则该负载可以等效为纯电感或纯电容2.下列说法中错误的是(B)。A.两个同频率正弦量的相位差等于它们的初相位之差,是一个与时间无关的常数B.对一个RL串联电路来说,其等效复阻抗总是固定的复常数C.电容元件与电感元件消耗的平均功率总是零,电阻元件消耗的无功功率总是零D.有功功率和无功功率都满足功率守恒定律,视在功率不满足功率守恒定律3.已知RC并联电路的电阻电流6ARI,电容电流8ACI,则该电路的端电流I为(D)。A.2AB.14AC.A14D.10A4.已知RLC串联电路的电阻电压4VRU,电感电压3VLU,电容电压6VCU,则端电压U为(C)。A.13VB.7VC.5VD.1V5.已知某电路的电源频率Hz50f,复阻抗3060Z,若用RL串联电路来等效,则电路等效元件的参数为(C)。A.96.51R,H6.0LB.30R,H96.51LC.96.51R,H096.0LD.30R,H6.0L6.已知电路如图x7.1所示,则下列关系式总成立的是(C)。A.ICjRU)(B.ICRU)(C.ICRUj1D.ICjRU1图x7.1选择题5图R+-UIC7.2填空题1.电感的电压相量超前于电流相量π/2,电容的电压相量滞后于电流相量π/2。2.当取关联参考方向时,理想电容元件的电压与电流的一般关系式为ttuCtiCCdd,相量关系式为CCUCjI。3.若电路的导纳Y=G+jB,则阻抗Z=R+jX中的电阻分量R=22BGG,电抗分量X=22BGB(用G和B表示)。4.正弦电压为)43100cos(101tu,)4100cos(102tu,则u1的相量为)(4-25,u1+u2=)(100cos210t。5.若某RL串联电路在某频率下的等效复阻抗为)21(j,且其消耗的有功功率为9W,则该串联电路的电流为3A,该电路吸收的无功功率为18var。6.在采用三表法测量交流电路参数时,若功率表、电压表和电流表的读数均为已知(P、U、I),则阻抗角为φZ=)3P(arccosUI。7.3计算题1.已知某二端元件的电压、电流采用的是关联参考方向,若其电压、电流的瞬时值表示式分别为(1))cos()(30100151ttuV,)sin()(3010031ttiA;(2))sin()(50400102ttuV,)cos()(5040022ttiA;(3))cos()(60200103ttuV,)sin()(15020053ttiA;试判断每种情况下二端元件分别是什么元件?解:(1))cos()(30100151ttuV,3022151UV)sin()(3010031ttiA,602231IA电压超前电流900,该二端元件为电感元件(2))sin()(50400102ttuV,40252UV)cos()(5040022ttiA,5022IA电压滞后电流900,该二端元件为电容元件(3))cos()(60200103ttuV,60253UV)sin()(15020053ttiA,602253IA电压与电流同相位,该二端元件为电阻元件2.求如图x7.5所示单口网络的等效阻抗和等效导纳。(a)(b)(c)图x7.5计算题2图解:(1)求Za,Ya)(3.55743.49.37.2)3//()43(jjjZa(S)3.5521.01733.012.01jZYaa(2)求Yb,Zb(S)8.7593.381.3962.0451)5(1jjjjYb)(8.75255.0247.0062.01jYZbb(3)求Yc,Zc(S)04.592243.019.0115.04.01)4.0(22.01)2.0(1jjjjjYc)(048.59459.4824.3294.01jYZcc3.如图x7.3所示电路,各电压表的读数分别为:V1表读数为20V,V2表读数为40V,V3表读数为100V,求V表读数;若维持V1表读数不变,而把电源频率提高一倍,V表读数又为多少?解:相量模型如图x7.3a。设AIIOO0,VRIUO0201,,(V)57.7124.6360201004020321jjjUUUU电源频率提高一倍时,端口电流不变,则V1读数不变,V2读数变为20V,V3读数变为200V,所以4.如图x7.4所示电路,已知U=220V,srad/314,求1I、2I、I。解:画出相量模型如图x7.4a。用网孔分析法:设VU0220UIImm21j31.85-200j31.85-200j31.4200j31.85-200j31.85-j6281002012mmII解得:A3.88304.0A,96.1500.121mmII则:5.如图题x7.5所示电路,已知ttu2251cos)(V,10090100900033jUUVjVUU409040900022VjjjUUUU66.839.181180202002020321(A)698.19561.0211mmIII(A)3.88304.022mII(A)96.1500.11mII)cos()(302252ttuV,用网孔分析法求各网孔电流。解:画出相量模型如图x7.5a。根据网孔分析法列式:086j108610321mmmIII,131226262UIIImmm,221328282UIIImmm,V305V,0521UU整理后解得各网孔电流:A04.2245.017.042.01jImA65.591.009.091.02jImA71.580.008.080.03jIm6.如图x7.6电路,已知ttuS1004cos)(V,)sin()(901004ttiSA,试用节点分析法求电流i。解:画出相量模型如图x7.6a。,,101.0100jjLjjjcj01.010011(V)022SU用节点电压法解得:7.如图x7.7所示电路,试用(1)网孔分析法,(2)节点分析法,(3)叠加定理,(4)戴维南定理,求电流I。解:(1)网孔分析法,等效电路图为图x7.7a。A30101mI,V01022512jIjjImm,2mII,解得:Atti)180100cos()(221)1111(21UjUjj)3(221jU2221jUUI22)11(121UjUj89.130819.8667.6774.532033102jjIIm(2)节点分析法,等效电路图为图x7.7b解得:V87.2833.231jU,(3)叠加定理,等效电路图为图x7.7c电流源单独作用时,A3032030105221jjjI电压源单独作用时,A31030102jjI,总电流A67.6774.521jIII(4)戴维南定理,等效电路图为图x7.7d0102SUU301051)5121(21UjUjj89.130819.8667.6774.55101jjUI开路电压:等效阻抗:8.如图x7.8所示电路,求其戴维南等效相量模型。解:求开路电压,根据如图x7.8a的相量模型:,,,求等效阻抗,根据如图x7.8b的相量模型:08.444.156.76326.413.53569.12363.214318126696)69(6//)69(1jjjjjjjjjZVjjIUoc1352333)3(1jII121)1(22)1(4143690366//669036jjjjjjjjI32.1720010230102jjUjIUSSOC2jZeq89.130819.8667.6774.55jjZUIeqOC,9.如图x7.9所示电路,求其诺顿等效相量模型,并求出在=5rad/s时的等效时域模型。解:节点1的基尔霍夫电流方程:其中,,代入上式得:求短路电流,由图x7.9a可知:所以等效阻抗:其诺顿等效相量模型如图x7.9b。在srad/5时,mH295145.0145.0LjLj08.1344.1912jjZZ15.8888.387.8118.1028.648.3908.1044.132.424.3908.1344.13)08.1344.1)(3(//)3(2jjjjjjZjZ27.385.322.084.3)115161(5.4jjUooUUU202UU5.13)15161(oUUj3oUU0U05.16091IISC145.0549.227.3553.205.127.385.3jIUZSCo10.如图x7.10所示电路,已知ttuS50cos2220)(V,求各支路电流及电源的有功率和无功功率。解:画出相量模型,如图x7.10a所示。得:,,,,,,,,var60)00124.0(220Im22YUQWYUP96.910019.0220Re2200124.00019.096.32499.096.324410220jAZUIs96.3200227.096.3244111ZY96.3244124032050501jZZ24032086.3640022140021)2(400200100)400)(200100()200100//()400(1jarctgarctgjjjjjjjZ200450jjLj400105050116jjcjVUs022011.如图x7.11所示电路有3个负载,它们的平均功率及功率因数分别为:P1=220W,P2=220W,P3=180W,cos1=0.75(感性),cos2=0.8(容性),cos3=0.6(感性),且端口电压U=220V,f=50Hz,求电路端口总电流I及总功率因数角。解:,,,,,,电路无功功率:,电路有功功率:,,12.如图x7.12电路,R1=3Ω,R2=5Ω,C=4mF,L1=2mH,L2=4mH,ttiS100025cos)(A,ttuS1000210cos)(V,求电压源、电流源产生的有功功率和无功功率。AUPIUIP07.3917.0220620coscos917.0cos045.23620269arctgPQarctg269321QQQQ24014.5322