发展低碳城市之路:反思规划决策流程

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【】。200810《》。、、、。“”“”。、“”。“”De-carbonize、。“”,、。。【】、。,。。(IPCC),1990、1995、20012007。(AR4),:·,,(1);·,;·1970200470%;·0.69℃,200.76℃。;·18502005,、、。,、、,,。,2℃,CO2。,2℃,,(Lynas2007;Mckinsey,2007)。2℃:2015,CO2400PPM(2005:1、、ClimateChange2007-TheFourthIPCCAssessmentReport6379PPM)。CO2,2050200550%-85%。、:,“”。2003《:》,。:·2050CO260%;·;·;·。,。,,,,,。CO2,,“”。200810《》,:·1.1℃;·50,,;·300.9℃,90;·、。(,2009;,2009)。,,,CO2。,、、。。。,94%。,CO2(2)。,、,。、:CO2,。,。,。CO2:·;·,;·,,。,McKinseyCO2,601CO2e(“”),()。:、,:····/····,,。,《》“,。”(CIP,2008)。:·;7·、;·;·。(APA)2008《》,(APA,2008):·,;·、、;·,。,,,、、,。。、“”(Mitigation)“”(Adap-tation)。、、、,。,:“”(Mitigation)“”(Adaptation)(2):1、“”:,。、、,CO2、。,。2、“”:,,、、,。“”、,“”,。、、,。():,。,,。。“”,2:MitigationAdaptation(:Yip,2007,2008b,)18、、。“”:“,。、,、”。:·(Bedzed)·(HammarbySjostad)····(Masdar),(Yip,2007,2008b;,2008)。1、、、CO2。,:·;·;·(、、);·(、、);·;·;·/,、;·。()“”“”(Merton)2003,“”(TheMertonRule),。2003,100010%。,。““,,,CO2,。,,。,2006“”(ZeroCar-bonHome)。2016,“”(DCLG,2006,2007,2008)。“”45%。,,CO2。“”,。,202015%,40-45%。,“”。,,,,,,,“”。、、、、、、、、、、。,2016,。“”,,,。、“”:39,,,、“”。“”(De-carbonize),,、。“”,,,、。(3)。1.·、。·CO2。·、、、、、CO2。·CO2。2.“”“”·“”“”。3.·,CO2。·,。、。·。、,。4.·,(、、、、)。【】[1]AmericanPlanningAssociation(APA)(2008),PolicyGuideonPlanning&ClimateChange,(availableatwww.planning.org)[2].“:”,,2008(4)[3]Betsill,M.M.(2001),“MitigatingCli-mateChangeinUSCities:opportunitiesandobstacles”LocalEnvironment,Vol.6,No.4,393406,2001[4]Bulkeley,HandBetsill,M.M.(2003)CitiesandClimateChange:UrbanSustain-abilityandGlobalEnvironmentalGover-nance,(London,2003)[5]CanadianInstituteofPlanners(CIP)(2008),ClimateChangePolicyPaper,(availableatwww.cip-icu.ca)[6],,,.“:··”,,200810/9,(2008)[7],(2009),“”20091,84-87,(2009)[8]Lynas,Mark(2007)SixDegrees,(FourthEstate,2007)[9]MertonCouncil(2008)“WhatistheMer-tonRule”inwebsite:[10]McKinsey&Company(2009)PathwaystoaLowCarbonEconomyVersion2oftheGlobalGreenhouseGasAbatementCostCurve,(www.mckinsey.com/globalGHGcostcurve)[11](2009)“”,2009/1(2009)[12]UKDepartmentofCommunitiesandLocalGovernment(DCLG2006),BuildingaGreen-erFuture:TowardsZeroCarbonDevelop-ment(UK,2006)[13]UKDepartmentforCommunitiesandLo-calGovernment(DCLG)(2007),PlanningPolicyStatement::PlanningandClimateChange-SupplementtoPlanningPolicyStatement1,(UK,2007)(17)10[14]UKDepartmentforCommunitiesandLo-calGovernment(DCLG)(2008),DefinitionofZeroHomesandNon-DomesticBuildingsConsultation,(UK,2008)[15]UKSecretaryofTradeandIndustry(2003),EnergyWhitePaper:OurEnergyFu-tureCreatingaLowCarbonEconomy,(UK,2003)[16]UnitedNationsIntergovernmentalPan-elonClimateChange(IPCC)(2007),Cli-mateChange2007-TheFourthIPCCAssess-mentReport(SynthesisReport),(IPCC,2007)www.ipcc.ch[17]YIP,StanleyC.T.(2007),“What(really)MattersforthePlanningforaSustainableCommunityCaseofDongtan,Shanghai”,HongKongInstituteofArchi-tectsJournal,Vol.48,2007,P3435.[18](2008)《》2008321,62-66(,2008)[19](2008),2008328,15-20(,2008)[20],(2008)2008,109-112(,2008)【】ARUP———、。②“、、、、”20“”“”、30。③·《》·“”。【】[1][]·.[M].200694-106.[2].[M].20041-12.[3].:[M].2007.[4].[M].1992.【】。。(10)17

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