EIGRP【实验目的1、掌握EIGRP的基本配置及如何验证EIGRP的配置;2、了解EIGRP对VLSM的支持,学会如何配置EIGRP的手工汇总;3、了解EIGRP与IGRP的自动重分布;4、学会如何配置EIGRP的带宽利用率;5、学会如何配置EIGRP的负载均衡;6、学会如何配置EIGRP的基本参数;【实验原理】EIGRP是CISCO专有的路由协议,它是IGRP的增强版本,它同样使用距离向量技术,并且作了一些有助于协议汇聚和操作效率的改进。EIGRP有一些与链路状态协议相似的特性。它的主要特点有:无回路路由表,快速汇聚,减少带宽的使用,使用综合度量(默认情况下是带宽和延迟),可以非均衡负载平衡,后继路由及可行后继路由,支持VLSM,可以手工汇总,以及与IGRP的兼容性。以上这些特点使得EIGRP可以使用在一些大规模的网络中,而相对的配置比较简单。EIGRP不会使用超过一条链路声明的带宽的50%.在Cisco路由器上允许使用bandwidth命令来改变链路的默认设置。这对于串行链路通常是很有必要的,因为默认带宽是1.544Mb/s。如果链路的实际带宽是56Kb/s,就很容易发现EIGRP使得链路变得饱和。另外,EIGRP还允许手工配置带宽的利用率(bandwidth-percent),当在网络中bandwidth命令不能反映链路的真实速率时,使用该命令可以使用更多的带宽,使得配置更加灵活。EIGRP自动在具有相等开销的链路上负载均衡。使用variance命令可以在不等度量路径上实现负载均衡。EIGRP的度量计算使用以下的公式:[(1(2)/(256)(3)][5/(4)]metricKbandwidthKbandwidthloadKdelayKreliabilityK=×+×−+××+默认值是(K5,K4为0时,后一项不起作用)11,20,31,40,50KKKKK=====.即metricbandwidthdelay=+另外,bandwidthforeigrp(10000000/)256delayforeigrp(/10)256bandwidthdelay=×=×我们可以通过改变各个系数的值来改变EIGRP的度量计算。【实验设备】带有两个串行口的路由器一台,带有一个串行口的路由器两台;用于配置路由器的主机三台;串行线、交叉线若干;【实验内容】实验一、二采用如下的实验拓扑:图一实验一、EIGRP的基本配置参照图一配置好主机和路由器各个端口的IP地址:RouterAF0=80.160.1.1/24S0=70.70.1.1/24S1=shutdownL0=70.70.0.1/24L1=70.70.2.1/24RouterBF0=shutdownS0=70.70.1.2/24S1=80.80.1.2/24RouterCF0=80.80.2.1S0=shutdownS1=80.80.1.1/24L0=80.80.0.1/24L1=80.80.3.1/24HostAIP=80.160.1.2/24GW=80.160.1.1HostBIP=80.80.2.2/24GW=80.80.2.1然后,在每一台路由器上启用EIGRP,注意自治系统号要统一。可能需要用到的配置命令格式为:Router(config)#routereigrpautonomous-system-numberRouter(config-router)#networknetwork-numberRouter(config-if)#bandwidthkilobitsRouter(config-router)#eigrplog-neighbor-changes然后,在每一台路由器上使用showiproute观察路由表的情况,用showipprotocol来观察是否正确的公告定义的网络。使用showipeigrpneighbors来观察路由器发现的邻居;使用showipeigrptopology来观察EIGRP的拓扑表;使用showipeigrpinterfaces[interface-typeinterface-number][as-number]显示EIGRP的端口信息,使用showipeigrpneighbors[interface-type|as-number|static]显示EIGRP发现的邻居的信息。各个路由器的配置以及输出信息如下:RouterA:showrunning-configshowiprouteshowipprotocolsshowipeigrpneighborsshowipeigrpinterfacesshowipeigrptopologyRouterB:showrunning-configshowiprouteshowipprotocolsshowipeigrpneighborsshowipeigrpinterfacesshowipeigrptopologyRouterC:showrunning-configshowiprouteshowipprotocolsshowipeigrpneighborsshowipeigrpinterfacesshowipeigrptopologyRouterA#shrunBuildingconfiguration...Currentconfiguration:!version12.0servicetimestampsdebuguptimeservicetimestampsloguptimenoservicepassword-encryption!hostnameRouterA!!ipsubnet-zero!!!interfaceLoopback0ipaddress70.70.0.1255.255.255.0noipdirected-broadcast!interfaceLoopback1ipaddress70.70.2.1255.255.255.0noipdirected-broadcast!interfaceEthernet0ipaddress80.160.1.1255.255.255.0noipdirected-broadcast!interfaceSerial0bandwidth64ipaddress70.70.1.1255.255.255.0noipdirected-broadcastnofair-queue!routereigrp75network70.0.0.0network80.0.0.0eigrplog-neighbor-changes!ipclassless!!linecon0exec-timeout00transportinputnonelinevty04!endRouterA#shiprouteCodes:C-connected,S-static,I-IGRP,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGPD-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,IA-OSPFinterareaN1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2,E-EGPi-IS-IS,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2,*-candidatedefaultU-per-userstaticroute,o-ODRGatewayoflastresortisnotset70.0.0.0/8isvariablysubnetted,4subnets,2masksC70.70.0.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0C70.70.1.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial0C70.70.2.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Loopback1D70.0.0.0/8isasummary,00:10:01,Null080.0.0.0/8isvariablysubnetted,2subnets,2masksD80.0.0.0/8isasummary,00:09:55,Null0C80.160.1.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Ethernet0RouterA#showipprotocolsRoutingProtocoliseigrp75OutgoingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisIncomingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisDefaultnetworksflaggedinoutgoingupdatesDefaultnetworksacceptedfromincomingupdatesEIGRPmetricweightK1=1,K2=0,K3=1,K4=0,K5=0EIGRPmaximumhopcount100EIGRPmaximummetricvariance1Redistributing:eigrp75AutomaticnetworksummarizationisineffectAutomaticaddresssummarization:80.0.0.0/8forLoopback0,Loopback1,Serial0Summarizingwithmetric28160070.0.0.0/8forEthernet0Summarizingwithmetric128256RoutingforNetworks:70.0.0.080.0.0.0RoutingInformationSources:GatewayDistanceLastUpdate(thisrouter)500:11:1570.70.1.29000:11:14Distance:internal90external170RouterA#shipeigrpneighborsIP-EIGRPneighborsforprocess75HAddressInterfaceHoldUptimeSRTTRTOQSeq(sec)(ms)CntNum070.70.1.2Se01100:18:520450009RouterA#showipeigrpinterfacesIP-EIGRPinterfacesforprocess75XmitQueueMeanPacingTimeMulticastPendingInterfacePeersUn/ReliableSRTTUn/ReliableFlowTimerRoutesLo000/000/1000Lo100/000/1000Se010/0010/38050840RouterA#shipeigrptopologyIP-EIGRPTopologyTableforprocess75Codes:P-Passive,A-Active,U-Update,Q-Query,R-Reply,r-ReplystatusP70.70.0.0/24,1successors,FDis128256viaConnected,Loopback0P70.70.1.0/24,1successors,FDis40512000viaConnected,Serial0P70.70.2.0/24,1successors,FDis128256viaConnected,Loopback1P70.0.0.0/8,1successors,FDis128256viaSummary(128256/0),Null0P80.0.0.0/8,1successors,FDis281600viaSummary(281600/0),Null0P80.160.1.0/24,1successors,FDis281600viaConnected,Ethernet0Et000/000/1000RouterB#shrunBuildingconfiguration...Currentconfigurati