钢结构课程设计任务书一、题目某厂房总长度90m,跨度为18m,屋盖体系为无檩屋盖。纵向柱距6m。1.结构形式:钢筋混凝土柱,梯形钢屋架。柱的混凝土强度等级为C30,屋面坡度i=L/10;L为屋架跨度。地区计算温度高于-200C,无侵蚀性介质,屋架下弦标高为18m。2.屋架形式及荷载:屋架形式、几何尺寸及内力系数(节点荷载P=1.0作用下杆件的内力)如附图所示。屋架采用的钢材、焊条为:Q345钢,焊条为E50型。3.屋盖结构及荷载(1)无檩体系:采用1.5×6.0m预应力混凝土屋板(考虑屋面板起系杆作用)荷载:①屋架及支撑自重:按经验公式q=0.12+0.011L,L为屋架跨度,以m为单位,q为屋架及支撑自重,以kN/m2为单位;②屋面活荷载:施工活荷载标准值为0.7kN/m2,雪荷载的基本雪压标准值为S0=0.35kN/m2,施工活荷载与雪荷载不同时考虑,而是取两者的较大值;积灰荷载为0.7kN/m2③屋面各构造层的荷载标准值:三毡四油(上铺绿豆砂)防水层0.45kN/m2水泥砂浆找平层0.7kN/m2保温层0.4kN/m2(按附表取)预应力混凝土屋面板1.45kN/m2附图(a)18米跨屋架(b)18米跨屋架全跨单位荷载几何尺寸作用下各杆件的内力值(c)18米跨屋架半跨单位荷载作用下各杆件的内力值二、设计内容1.屋架形式、尺寸、材料选择及支撑布置根据车间长度、屋架跨度和荷载情况,设置上、下弦横向水平支撑、垂直支撑和系杆,见下图。因连接孔和连接零件上有区别,图中给出W1、W2和W3三种编号(a)上弦横向水平支撑布置图(b)屋架、下弦水平支撑布置图1-1、2-2剖面图2.荷载计算三毡四油防水层0.45kN/m2水泥砂浆找平层0.7kN/m2保温层0.4kN/m2预应力混凝土屋面板1.45kN/m2屋架及支撑自重0.12+0.011L=0.318kN/m2恒荷载总和3.318kN/m2活荷载0.7kN/m2积灰荷载0.7kN/m2可变荷载总和1.4kN/m2屋面坡度不大,对荷载影响小,未予以考虑。风荷载对屋面为吸力,重屋面可不考虑。3.荷载组合1.全跨永久荷载+全跨可变荷载可变荷载效应控制的组合:F=(1.2×3.318+1.4×0.7+1.4×0.9×0.7)×1.5×6=52.59kN永久荷载效应控制的组合:F’=(1.35×3.318+1.4×0.7×0.7+1.4×0.9×0.7)×1.5×6=54.43kN故F=54.43KN2.全跨永久荷载+半跨可变荷载全跨永久荷载设计值:F1=1.35×3.318×1.5×6=40.31kN半跨可变荷载设计值:F2=(1.4×0.7+1.4×0.9×0.7)×1.5×6=16.76kN屋架杆件内力组合表杆件名称杆件编号单位内力作用时的内力系数组合1组合2计算内里全跨A左半跨B右半跨CF×AF1×A+F2×CF1×A+F2×B上弦AB0.000.000.000.000.000.000.00BC、CD-6.221-4.317-1.85-338.61-281.77-323.12-338.12DE、EF-8.993-5.636-3.357-489.49-417.15-345.23-489.49FG-9.102-4.551-4.551-495.42-443.18-443.18-495.42下弦ac3.4702.5370.933188.87155.51182.17188.87ce7.9625.3252.637433.37365.14410.20433.37eg9.2795.3123.967505.06441..64463.07505.06斜腹杆aB-6.502-1.754-1.748-353.90-291.39-291.49-353.90Bc4.7393.1581.581257.94217.53243.96257.94cD-3.382-1.862-1.520-184.08-161.80-167.54-184.08De1.8840.5401.344102.3298.4789.99102.32eF-0.6900.615-1.305-37.47-49.69-17.51-49.69Fg-0.462-1.6321.170-25.090.99-45.98-45.98竖杆Aa-0.5-0.50.00-27.16-20.16-28.54-28.54Cc-1.0-0.10.00-54.43-40.31-57.07-57.07Ee-1.0-0.10.00-54.43-40.31-57.07-57.07Gg0.8120.4060.40644.2039.5439.5444.204.截面选择按腹杆最大内力N=-353.9kN查表选用中间节点板厚度t=10mm,荷载支座节点板厚度t=12mm。1.上弦整个上弦不改变截面,按最大内里计算:假定λ=60,对于双角T形钢,当绕x.y轴失稳时属于类b截面,由附表查得ψx=0.735,需要的截面几何量:A=N/ψminf=4954.2/(0.735×310)=21.74cm²ix=lox/λ=150.75/90=2.51cmiy=loy/λ=300/90=5.0cm由附表选用2L80×10,A=30.26cm²,ix=2.42cm,iy=3.74cmλx=lox/ix=150.75/2.26=62.290λy=loy/iy=300/3.54=80.21[λ]=150双角T钢型截面绕对称轴(y)轴应按弯扭屈曲计算长细比λyzb/t=8.00.58loy/b=21.75,故按下式计算λyz=λy(1+0.475b⁴/loy²t²)=81.194λy故由λmax=λyz=81.94,按b类查附表得ψ=0.553σ=N/ψA=4954.2/(0.632×30.26)=296.06N/mm²f=310N/mm²因截面无孔眼削弱,可不验算强度。又因轧制钢翼缘和腹板,可不验算局部稳定填板每个节间放一块(满足l1范围内不少于两块),la=75.38cm40i=40×2.42=96.8cm2.下弦下弦不改变截面,按最大内力计算:Nmax=505.06kN,lox=300cm,loy=900cm,连接支撑的螺栓孔中心至节点板边缘的距离约为100cm(eg节间),可不考虑螺栓孔削弱。需要的截面几何量:A=N/f=5050.6/310=16.29cm²ix=lox/[λ]=300/350=0.86cmiy=loy/[λ]=1500/350=2.57cm由附表选用2L75×7,A=20.26cm²,ix=2.30cm,iy=3.47cmλx=lox/ix=300/2.30=130.43[λ]=350λy=loy/iy=900/3.47=259.37[λ]=350σ=N/A=249.29N/mm²f=310N/mm²填板每个节间放一块,l1=150cm80i=80×2.30=184cm3.斜腹杆(1)杆件aB:N=-353.90kN,lox=loy=253.0cm假设λ=80,对于双角T形钢,当绕x.y轴失稳时属于类b截面,由附表查得ψx=0.574,需要的截面几何量:A=N/ψminf=3539.0/(0.574×310)=19.82cm²ix=lox/λ=253.0/80=3.16cmiy=loy/λ=3.16cm由附表选用2L100×6,A=23.86cm²,ix=3.10cm,iy=4.44cmλx=lox/ix=253.0/3.10=81.61[λ]=150λy=loy/iy=253.0/4.44=56.98双角T钢型截面绕对称轴(y)轴应按弯扭屈曲计算长细比λyzb/t=16.70.58loy/b=14.67,故按下式计算λyz=3.9×b(1+loy²×t²/18.6b⁴)/t=71.20λx故由λmax=λx=81.61,按b类查附表得ψ=0.563σ=N/ψA=3539.0/(0.563×23.86)=263.45N/mm²f=310N/mm²因截面无孔眼削弱,可不验算强度。又因轧制钢翼缘和腹板,可不验算局部稳定填板放两块,la=84.30cm40i=40×3.1=124cm(2)杆件Bc:N=257.94kN,lox=0.8l1=0.8/×261.3=209.04cm,loy=261.3cm需要的截面几何量:A=N/f=2579.4/310=8.32cm²ix=lox/λ=209.04/350=0.60cmiy=loy/λ=261.3/350=0.75cm由附表选用2L63×4,A=9.96cm²,ix=1.96m,iy=2.94cmλx=lox/ix=209.04/1.96=106.65[λ]=350λy=loy/iy=261.3/2.94=88.88[λ]=350σ=N/A=258.98N/mm²f=310N/mm²填板放两块,l1=87.1cm80i=80×1.96=156.8cm.(3)杆件Ee:N=-50.07kN,lox=0.8l1=0.8×259.0=207.20cm,loy=259.0cm。内里较小可按[λ]选择截面,需要的截面几何量:ix=lox/[λ]=207.20/150=1.38cmiy=loy/[λ]=259.0/150=1.73cm由附表选用2L50×6,A=11.38cm²,ix=1.51cm,iy=2.48cmλx=lox/ix=207.20/1.51=137.22[λ]=150λy=loy/iy=259.0/2.21=104.44[λ]=150双角T钢型截面绕对称轴(y)轴应按弯扭屈曲计算长细比λyzb/t=8.330.58loy/b=29.93,故按下式计算λyz=λy(1+0.475b⁴/loy²t²)=105.72λx故由λmax=λx=137.22,按b类查附表得ψ=0.260σ=N/ψA=500.7/(0.260×11.38)=166.04N/mm²f=310N/mm²因截面无孔眼削弱,可不验算强度。又因轧制钢翼缘和腹板,可不验算局部稳定填板放四块,la=51.8cm40i=40×1.51=55.2cm其余杆件截面选择见表,注意连接垂直支撑的中央竖杆采用十字形截面,其斜平面计算长度lo=0.9l,其他腹杆除Aa外,lox=0.8l.物价杆件截面选用表杆件名称杆件号内里设计值(kN)计算长度(cm)所用截面截面积(cm²)计算应力(N/mm²)容许长细比[λ]杆件端部的角钢肢背和肢尖焊缝填板数loxloy5.节点设计(1)下弦节点设计”c”先算腹杆与节点板的连接焊缝:Bc杆肢背及肢尖的焊缝的焊脚尺寸取hf1=hf2=4mm,则所需的焊缝长度(考虑起灭弧缺陷):肢背lw1=257940/(3×0.7×4×200)+2×4=161.54mm,用170mm;肢尖lw2=257940/(6×0.7×4×200)+2×4=84.77mm,用90mm.腹杆Cc和cD的杆端焊缝同理计算,其次验算下弦杆与节点板连接焊缝,内力差ΔN=Nce-Nac=433.37-188.87=244.5kN>75.76kN.由斜腹杆焊缝决定的节点板量得节点板长度是52.0cm,角焊缝计算长度lw=52.0-1.2=50.8cm,采用hf=6mm,肢背焊缝应力为:τ1=244500/(3×0.7×6×508)=38.20N/mm²ff=200N/mm²上弦FG-495.42150.75300.002L80×1028.26274.35150_____每节间1下弦eg505.06300.001500.02L75×720.26249.29350_____每节间1斜腹杆aB-353.90253.0253.02L100×623.86263.451506-1604-1202Bc257.94209.04261.302L63×49.96258.983504-1704-902cD-184.08229.12286.402L90×621.28169.281506-904-703De102.32229.12286.402L30×44.5622