PCR引物设计基本思路1.根据实验需要,确定需要扩增的DNA序列,并知道其CDS区序列(编码结构基因区,即从起始密码子区至终止密码子区)ncbi网站查询RBS149..153/gene=eryFCDS158..1372/gene=eryF1ggatcccgatcgtgtcggaggaagaggccaagtcgcgccgccccgaccagctgctggtgc61tgccctggatctaccgcgacgggttcgtcgaacgcgagcaggagttcctcgctggcggcg121gaaagctgatcttccccctaccccgactggaagtcgtatgacgaccgttcccgatctcga181aagcgactccttccacgtcgactggtaccgcacctacgccgagctgcgcgagaccgcgcc241ggtgacgccggtgcgcttcctcggccaggacgcgtggctggtcaccggctacgacgaggc301gaaggccgcgctgagcgacctgcgcctgagcagcgacccgaagaagaagtacccgggcgt361ggaggtcgagttcccggcatacctcggtttccccgaggacgtgcggaactacttcgccac421caacatgggcaccagcgacccgccgacccacacccggctgcgcaagctggtgtcgcagga481gttcaccgtccgccgcgtggaggcgatgcggccccgcgtcgagcagatcaccgcggagct541gctcgacgaggtgggcgactccggcgtggtcgacatcgtcgaccgcttcgcccacccgct601gcccatcaaggtcatctgcgagctgctcggcgtcgacgagaagtaccgcggggagttcgg661gcggtggagctcggagatcctggtcatggacccggagcgggccgaacagcgcgggcaggc721ggccagggaggtcgtcaacttcatcctcgacctggtcgagcgccgccgcaccgagcccgg781cgacgacctgctgtccgcgctgatcagggtccaggacgacgatgacggtcggctcagcgc841cgacgagctgacctccatcgcgctggtgctgctgctggccggtttcgaggcgtcggtgag901cctcatcgggatcggcacctacctgctgctcacccacccggaccagctcgcgctggtgcg961gcgggacccgtcggcgctgcccaacgccgtcgaggagatcctgcgctacatcgctccgcc1021ggagaccaccacgcgcttcgccgcggaggaggtggagatcggcggtgtcgcgatccccca1081gtacagcacggtgctggtcgcgaacggcgcggccaaccgcgacccgaagcagttcccgga1141cccccaccgcttcgacgtcacccgcgacacccgcggccacctgtcgttcgggcagggcat1201ccacttctgcatgggccggccgctggccaagctggagggcgaggtggcgctgcgggcgct1261gttcggccgcttccccgctctgtcgctgggaatcgacgccgacgacgtggtgtggcggcg1321ttcgctgctgctgcggggcatcgaccacctaccggtgcggctcgacggatgagcacctgg1381ctgcggcggttcggtcctcccgtcgagcaccgggcgcggctggtgtgcttcccgcacgcg1441ggagccgcggccgactcctacctcgacctcgcgcgcgccttggcgcccgagatcgacgtg1501cacgccgtgcagtacccggggcgccaggaccgccgcgacgaggagcccctgggcaccgcc1561ggcgagatcgccgacgaggtggccgccgtgctgcgcgcgtcgggcggcgacggcccgttc1621gccctgttcgggcacagcatgggcgcgttgatcgcctacgagacggcgcgcaggctcgaa1681cgcgagcccggcggcgggccgctgcggctgttcgtgtccgggcagaccgccccgcgcgtg1741cacgagcgccgcaccgacctgcccggcgacgacggtctggtggacgagctgcgccggctc1801ggcaccagcgaggcggcgctggccgacgaggccctgctcgccatgtcgctgccggtgctg1861cgcgccgactaccgcgtgctgcgctcctacgcctgggcggacggaccaccgctgcgggcc1921ggcatcaccgcgctgtgcggcgacgccgacccgctgaccgcgaccggggacgccgagcgc1981tggttgcagcactcggtcatccccggccggaccaggaccttccccggcgggcacttctac2041ctgggtgaacaggtcaccgaggtggccggtgccgtgcgccgggacctgctacgcgccggg2101cttgcgggctgaggcgatcacgaagtcgagcgcgggcagctcgcccttcatgcccgagtc2161gctggtcagcgaccgcttgacctggctgtagaagagcctgctcacgctcttcttgaacga2221ctcgtcctgcaggcacctggctg2.选择所需的载体,确定合适的酶切位点。所选择的酶切位点尽量为多克隆位点的中间酶切位点,且载体上其它地方无该酶切位点。这样连接以后再构建新的质粒时选择酶的空间更大些。并保证所需扩增的DNA序列中无该酶切位点(generuner分析)。3.初步确定设计的引物长度。一般为15~30bp,引物过短会影响到扩增的特异性,过长会影响扩增速率。如果扩增产物≤500bp,引物长度为16~18bp即可。若扩增产物为4~5kb,引物最好不要少于24bp。引物3’末端应含有所研究基因特异序列中的17~30bp。4.5正向引物的设计:4.1酶切位点的位置选择。一般情况下都需要在引物的5’,3’端增加酶切位点,然后利用该酶将扩增产物切下,接到相应的载体上。A:扩增的DNA用于表达时:(1)自身有启动子。如:LOCUSVITVHBA689bpDNAlinearBCT26-APR-1993DEFINITIONVitreoscillasp.hemoglobin(VHb)gene,partialcds.ACCESSIONM30794M31721X13516VERSIONM30794.1GI:155319KEYWORDShemoglobin;promoterregion.SOURCEVitreoscillasp.ORGANISMVitreoscillasp.Bacteria;Proteobacteria;Betaproteobacteria;Neisseriales;Neisseriaceae;Vitreoscilla.REFERENCE1(bases42to689)AUTHORSKhosla,C.andBailey,J.E.TITLETheVitreoscillahemoglobingene:molecularcloning,nucleotidesequenceandgeneticexpressioninEscherichiacoliJOURNALMol.Gen.Genet.214(1),158-161(1988)MEDLINE89143453PUBMED3067078REFERENCE2(bases1to210)AUTHORSKhosla,C.andBailey,J.E.TITLECharacterizationoftheoxygen-dependentpromoteroftheVitreoscillahemoglobingeneinEscherichiacoliJOURNALJ.Bacteriol.171,5995-6004(1989)COMMENTOriginalsourcetext:Vitreoscillasp.DNA.SWISS-PROT;P04252;BAHG$VITSP.FEATURESLocation/Qualifierssource1..689/organism=Vitreoscillasp./mol_type=genomicDNA/db_xref=taxon:60misc_signal33..40/note=promoter2-35_signal55..61-10_signal73..79misc_signal86..92/note=promoter1RBS130..133/note=putativeribosomebindingsite;putativeCDS142..582/note=hemoglobin/codon_start=1/transl_table=11/protein_id=AAA27585.1/db_xref=GI:155320/translation=MLDQQTINIIKATVPVLKEHGVTITTTFYKNLFAKHPEVRPLFDMGRQESLEQPKALAMTVLAAAQNIENLPAILPAVKKIAVKHCQAGVAAAHYPIVGQELORIGIN1aagcttacaggacgctggggttaaaagtatttgagttttgatgtggattaagttttaaga61ggcaataaaggtgctgctacaccatactgatgtatggcaaaaccataataaccatactga121atgaacttaaggaagaccctcatgttagaccagcaaaccattaacatcatcaaagccact181gttcctgtattgaaggagcatggcgttaccattaccacgactttttataaaaacttgttt241gccaaacaccctgaagtacgtcctttgtttgatatgggtcgccaagaatctttggagcag301cctaaggctttggcgatgacggtattggcggcagcgcaaaacattgaaaatttgccagct361attttgcctgcggtcaaaaaaattgcagtcaaacattgtcaagcaggcgtggcagcagcg421cattatccgattgtcggtcaagaattgttgggtgcgattaaagaagtattgggcgatgcc481gcaaccgatgacattttggacgcgtggggcaaggcttatggcgtgattgcagatgtgttt541attcaagtggaagcagatttgtacgctcaagcggttgaataaagtttcaggccgctttca601ggacataaaaaacgcaccataaggtggtctttttacgtctgatatttacacagcagtttg661gctgttgccaaaacttgggacaaatattg①扩增片段里应包含启动子,所以酶切位点应该在启动子前面。②可在所扩增的DNA序列的启动子前寻找是否有该酶切位点,若有则直接利用该酶切位点进行扩增;若无可寻找与其基本相似的位点进行扩增。(2)扩增片段里自身无启动子。因为在5’端增加的酶切位点(所选的酶切位点与启动子的酶切位点相同)中必须含起始密码子,如NcoI(CCATGG),NdeI(