42Creativity

ManagingCreativityandInnovationWilliamY.Jiang,Ph.D.ProfessorandDepartmentChairofOrganizationandManagementSanJoséStateUniversityTel:408-924-3551Email:[e-mail]DescribethecreativeprocessExplainthepersonalitytraitsofcreativepeopleExplainhowthefourcognitivecreativityskillsarepromotedbycreativitytechniques.ListthefivecategoriesofcharacteristicsthatdistinguishcreativepeoplefromnoncreativepeopleExplaintheorganizationalconditionsthathinderandpromotecreativityInnovation-DefinedInnovationistheimplementationofnewideasattheindividual,groupororganizationallevelCreativity-DefinedCreativityisthedevelopmentofideasaboutproducts,practices,services,orproceduresthatarenovelandpotentiallyusefultotheorganizationEureka!WhatDoesItTaketoBeCreative?TimeHardworkMentalenergyTheCreativePersonHowaretheydifferent?PersonalityTraitsCognitiveCreativitySkillsDomain-specificKnowledgeIntrinsicMotivationCharacteristicsofCreativePeoplePersonalityTraitsofCreativePeoplePersistenceSelf-confidenceIndependenceAttractiontocomplexityToleranceofambiguityIntuitiveness…PersonalityTraitsofCreativePeopleHavebroadinterestsAreenergeticDrivetoachieveLovetheirworkTakerisksCognitiveCreativitySkillsThinkcreativelyGeneratealternativesEngageindivergentthinkingSuspendjudgmentDomain-SpecificKnowledgeDevelopsViaEducationTrainingExperienceContextualKnowledgeCreativityEnhancersFocusonintrinsicmotivationCreativitygoalsDevelopmentalfeedbackSupportivesupervisionHealthycompetitionParticipativedecisionmakingAutonomyHirecreativepeopleEnriched,complexjobsProvideresourcesClearorganizationalgoalsInstructionstobecreativeRecognizeandrewardcreativityEncouragerisktakingNopunishmentforfailure…CreativityEnhancersWorkforcediversityInternalandexternalinteractionDiverseteamsskilledatworkingtogetherSupportiveclimateOrganizationalculturethepromotesinnovationFlexible,flatstructuresCloseinteractionandrelationshipswithcustomersHowCanOrganizationsFosterCreativity?Hirecreative&diverseworkforceDesigncomplex&challengingjobsSetclearorg.goalsRecognize&rewardcreativitySetcreativitygoalsUsediverseteamsCreatetherightorg.cultureProvideresourcesesp.time“BeCreative!”ManagementStyleandCreativityEncouragerisktakingProvideautonomyEncourageproductivity-“sweatequity”Supportivesupervision,climate,andworkgroupParticipativeleadershipOrganizationDesignandCreativityFlexibleFlatStructuresInternal&ExternalInteractionCloseContactw/CustomersThatpromoteCreativityKillersExcessivefocusonextrinsicmotivationLimitssetbysuperiorsCriticalevaluationClose,controllingsupervisionCompetitioninawin-losesituationControlofdecisionmakingControlofinformationStagesintheCreativeProcessPreparationIncubationVerificationIlluminationFlow-DefinedFlow(autotelicexperience)occurswhenpeopleexperienceastateofeffortlessconcentrationandenjoymentCreativeThinkingTechniquesBrainstormingRulesExpressiveness-SaywhateverideascometomindwithoutfocusingonconstraintsNon-evaluation-Nocriticismallowed;allarevaluableQuantity-ProduceasmanyideasaspossibleBuilding-Expandonotherpeople’sideas…CreativeThinkingTechniquesBrainwritingHybridofbothindividualandgroupbrainstormingProducesmoreideasthanbrainstorming