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氨基酸及其密码子对照AlanineAlaAGCU,GCC,GCA,GCGArginineArgRCGU,CGC,CGA,CGG,AGA,AGGAsparagineAsnNAAU,AACAsparticacidAspDGAU,GACCysteineCysCUGU,UGCGlutamineGlnQCAA,CAGGlutamicacidGluEGAA,GAGGlycineGlyGGGU,GGC,GGA,GGGHistidineHisHCAU,CACIsoleucineIleIAUU,AUC,AUALeucineLeuLUUA,UUG,CUU,CUC,CUA,CUGLysineLysKAAA,AAGMethionineMetMAUGPhenylalaninePheFUUU,UUCProlineProPCCU,CCC,CCA,CCGSerineSerSUCU,UCC,UCA,UCG,AGU,AGCThreonineThrTACU,ACC,ACA,ACGTryptophanTrpWUGGTyrosineTyrYUAU,UACValineValVGUU,GUC,GUA,GUGStartAUG*StopUAG(amber),UGA(opal),UAA(ochre)AUGisthemostcommonstartcodon.AlternativestartcodonsincludeCUGineukaryotesandGUGinprokaryotes.常用限制性酶及其酶切位点AatIIGACGTCKpnIGGTACCAflIICTTAAGNarIGGCGCCAgeIACCGGTNcoICCATGGApaIGGGCCCNdeICATATGApaLIGTGCACNheIGCTAGCAseIATTAATNotIGCGGCCGCBamHIGGATCCNruITCGCGABclITGATCAPmlICACGTGBglIIAGATCTPstICTGCAGBstBITTCGAAPvuIICAGCTGClaIATCGATSacIGAGCTCDraITTTAAASacIICCGCGGEagICGGCCGSalIGTCGACEcoRIGAATTCSmaICCCGGGEcoRVGATATCSpeIACTAGTFspITGCGCAStuIAGGCCTHindIIIAAGCTTXbaITCTAGAHpaIGTTAACXhoICTCGAG