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Howmuchhaveyouremembered?Weneedanothercontestant_______theshowbegins.______thedirectorseatedAngelaonthestage,amake-upartistrushedforward.Mandysatontheedgeofherseatandchewedherfingernails_______shewatched.“Right!”shoutedLester______theaudienceclapped._________MP3playerswereintroducedin1997,peoplehavetakenthemeverywhere.AngkorWatwaslargelyforgotten_____itwasdiscoveredagainin1858.beforeAfterwhileasSinceuntilAdverbialClausesofTime1.Lestershoutedastheaudienceclapped.Astimegoesby,thePyramidshavebeendamaged.当…时候(强调两者动作同时发生)随着(withtimegoing/overtime)随着MP3的引入随着社会的发展随着科技的发展随着超市的兴起AsMP3playerswereintroducedAssocietydevelopsAsscienceandtechnologydevelopsAssupermarketsrisewhilewhenas•Iwasabouttoleaveasthetelephonerang.•MycousinwaslisteningtomusicwhenIwaswatchingthemovie.•I’lltellyouwhatIthinkofthebookasIfinishreadingit.•WhileIstartedmycar,anaccidentoccurred.•Somepeoplehavelotsofhairwhenothershavealittle.whenthetelephonerang.whileIwaswatchingthemovie.whenIfinishreadingit.WhenIstartedmycar,whileothershavealittle.2.Oncethetastesignalgetstothebrain,thebraininterpretsitwitheitherayummyoryuckyresponse.一旦……Oncebitten,twiceshy.------一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。3.Themomentthebellrang,thestudentsrushedintotheclassroom,waitingforthestartofthelesson.名词短语充当时间状语从句的连词：themoment,thesecond,thefirsttime,thesecondtime,thelasttime,each/everytime,nexttime•当我第一次去上海科技馆的时候，就喜欢上了那里。•每次遇到困难，Angela都能保持冷静克服困难。（remain）•下次当你去埃及的时候，你一定要去参观金字塔。•一看到老妇人上了车，他就把位子让给了她。（seat）•ThefirsttimeIwenttotheShanghaiScienceandTechnologyMuseum,Ilikedit.•Every/EachtimeAngelameetswithdifficulties,sheremainscalmandovercomesthem.•NexttimeyougotoEgypt,youmustvisitthePyramids.•Themomenthesawtheoldladygetonthebus,hegavehisseattoher.sinceSinceMP3players_____________in1997,people_______________themeverywhere.wereintroducedhavetaken这台宽屏电视已经买来5年了。（since）Ithasbeen/isfiveyearssincethewide,flat-screenTVwasbought.Itis+一段时间since…一般过去时…自从……以来•自从我买了家庭影院，我就不去电影院了。•我离开荷兰已经10年了。•自从那时起，我就开始注意自己说话的方式。•Ihaven’tbeentothecinemasinceIboughtthehomeentertainmentsystem.•ItisadecadesinceIlefttheNetherlands.•Eversince/Sincethen,IhavebeguntopayattentiontothewayIspeak.before•_______heseatedheronthestage,amake-upartistrushedforward.•Heseatedheronthestage______amake-upartistrushedforward.AfterbeforeItwon’tbelong______you’reabletomeetMickeyMouseandhisgirlfriendMinnieinShanghai.before过不了多久，你将在上海看到米老鼠和他女朋友米妮。It+be+一段时间/alongtime+before……过（多久）就……1.Itwillbetwoweeks/alongtimebeforewecelebrateChristmas.2.Itwastwoweeks/alongtimebeforewecelebratedChristmas.3.Itistwoyears_______hejoinedtheclub.4.Itwastwoyears_______hejoinedtheclub.sincebefore比较：until•Theaudienceclappeduntilthefilmstarleftthestage.•Theaudiencedidn’tclapuntilthefilmstarcameout.观众一直鼓掌直到电影明星离开了舞台。观众直到电影明星出来才鼓掌。…not…until……直到…才…(瞬间动词必须用此结构)•演员一直没动直到导演说结束。（still）•直到失去，他才意识到朋友的价值。*Theactorkept/remainedstilluntilthedirectorsaidstop.*Hedidn’trealizethevalueoffriendsuntilhelostthem.一…..就……•他刚躺到床上,门铃就响了.(用4种方法翻译)•Assoonashelayonthebed,thedoorbellrang.•Hardly/Scarcelyhadhelainonthebedwhenthedoorbellrang.•Nosoonerhadhelainonthebedthanthedoorbellrang.•Themomenthelayonthebed,thedoorbellrang.•assoonas,hardly/scarcely…when/nosooner…than/themoment都表示一……就….,•其中要注意主句,从句的时态搭配.AdverbialClausesofReason引导原因状语从句的连词：*Whydidthewomancontestantfaint?Shefaintedbecauseitwastoohot.*WhywasAngelasoonaheadoftheothertwocontestants?SinceAngelaansweredthequestionseasily,shewassoonaheadoftheothertwocontestants.Nowthatyouareoldenoughtojudgethings,youshouldstartyourowncareer.-----because/as/since/nowthat/for•1）Heislovedbyall,_________heishonest.•2）_________everyoneishere,let’sbegin.•3）Theremustbenooneinthehouse_________thedoorisclosed.•4）_________thesoundsystemhas44speakersbehindthescreen,thesoundseemsveryreal.它们的区别是：•思考:还有哪些表原因的介词短语becauseSinceforbecauseof，dueto，astheresultof，owingto，thankstoAsAdverbialClausesofCondition引导条件状语从句的连词：if/unless/as(so)longas/onconditionthat/incase*Ifhedoesn’tcomebefore12o’clock,wewon’twaitforhim.=_______hecomesbefore12o’clock,wewon’twaitforhim.Unless*As(so)longasyouworkhard,youwillachievesuccess.只要你努力，你就能成功。*Onconditionthatyoumakeclearthetimeofthemeetingaheadoftime,Iwillarrangeeverything.=Providingthat…..=Providedthat…..如果你能提前告知会议时间，我就能安排好一切。unless=if…not除非，如果不是*Incasethere’safire,call119.万一着火，拨打119.=Incaseofafire,call119.万一遇到紧急情况，你首先保持冷静。Incasethere’sanemergency,youshouldkeepcalmfirst.=Incaseofanemergency,youshouldkeepcalmfirst.让步状语从句•itwascoldoutside,wedidn’twearthickclothes.•Colditwasoutside,wedidn’twearthickclothes.=_____________________,wedidn’twearthickclothes.•Boyheis,heknowsalot.•=_____________________,heknowsalot.•要点:•although,though,as都可以表示“尽管”,•as在让步状语从句中必须用倒装句.Although/ThoughasasAlthoughitwascoldoutsideAlthoughheisaboy•evenif==eventhough•即使…也要…。(若与事实相反，可用虚拟)•1）Evenifyouunderstandtherule,youneedtolistentomecarefully.•即使你懂这个规则，你也要仔细听讲。•2）EvenifIwereill,Iwouldhelpyou.即使我病了，我也会帮你。•Translation•无论他是闲还是忙,他每天都要听一个小时的音乐.•Whetherheisfreeorbusy,helistenstothemusicforonehoureveryday.•无论我们碰到什么困难,我们都不能气馁.•Nomatterwhat/Whateverdifficultywecomeacross,wecan’tbediscouraged.•无论困