高一英语2.4定语从句ppt

定语从句梁昱婷晋城一中知识回顾定语：用于修饰、限定名词、代词或相当于名词的短语或句子的成分。在中文中,定语一般放在所修饰的名词或代词之前；而在英文中则不同：单纯的形容词、分词作定语时，放在所修饰词之前；副词、分词短语和从句作定语时，要放在所修饰词之后。例如：她是一个善良的女孩。Sheisakindgirl.这个正在跑步的女孩是我的同学。Thisrunninggirlismyclassmate.Mostofthepeoplehereknoweachother.这里的大多数人互相认识。请回答Mary提出的问题。PleaseanswerthequestiongivenbyMary.HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.哈利波特是一个拥有魔法的男孩。定语从句概念：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。先行词：被修饰的名词或代词关系词：引导定语从句的词关系代词关系副词who,whom,whose,that,which,aswhen,where,why关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可代替先行词，在定语从句中做一个成分。限制性定语从句：顾名思义，是修饰、限制先行词的从句，在意义上是不可缺少的定语，若省略，所修饰主句的内容就不完整或失去意义，和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号与主句分开。例如：ThisisthemoviethatIsawyesterday.非限制性定语从句：起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解，它与主句往往用逗号隔开。例如：IliveinBeijing,whichisthecapitalofChina.一、关系代词引导的定语从句2.who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?（who/that在从句中做主语）Heistheman(whom/that)Isawyesterday.（whom/that在从句中做宾语）1.which,that可代替先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语，例如：Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.（which/that在句中作主语）Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingismine.(which/that在句中作宾语)注意：关系代词做宾语时可以省略。3.whose用来指人或物，只用作定语，若指物，它可以同ofwhich互换，若指人，它可以同ofwhom互换。例如：Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.Pleasepassmethebookofwhichthecoverisgreen.Jackisasenioronestudentwhosefatherworksinahospital.Jackisasenioronestudentofwhomthefatherworksinahospital.关系代词that和who都可以指人，that和which都可以指物，其用法有什么区别呢？关系代词that和who的区别以下几种情况中，常用who,而少用that：a)先行词是one,ones,anyone时Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.Onewhodoesn'tworkhardwillneversucceedinhiswork.b)先行词是those时Thosewhowanttoseethefilmsignuphere.c)在Therebe句型中Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeyou.关系代词that和which的区别a)先行词为不定代词，如：anything,nothing,everything,all,much,few,any,little时Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.b)先行词前有theonly,thevery,any,few,little,no,all修饰时Heistheverymanthathelpedthegirloutofthewater.c)先行词为序数词、形容词最高级或由序数词、形容词最高级修饰时ThetrainisthelastthatwillgotoSuzhou.WhatisthefirstAmericanfilmthatyouhaveseen?以下几种情况中，只用that引导定语从句，不用which：Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?d)先行词既有人，又有物时e)当主句是以who或which开始的特殊疑问句时，用that以避免重复。Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?Whichisthebikethatyoulost?f)先行词在句子中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.以下情况中，不能用that引导定语从句：a)在引导非限定性定语从句时Thetree,whichisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.b)介词后不能用Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.1.Helivesinahotel,_____isonlyfiveminutes’walkfromhere.2.Thespeakerwilltellusaboutsomewritersandtheirworks_____areknowntous.3.OnthetrainIsawastudent_____Ithoughtwasyoursister.4.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity____Iknow.5.Thattree,________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.6.Itwasnotuntilevening_____thetravelerfoundahotel.(which;that;whom;that;whose;that)二、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词when,where,why在定语从句中分别做时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。例如：BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.Isthisthereasonwhyherefusedouroffer?IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstmetJennifer.请大家补全以下两个句子：Istillrememberthedayswespenttogetherinschool?BeijingistheplaceIvisitedlastyear.which/thatwhich/that注意：并非先行词表示时间或地点时都分别用when或where来引导相应的定语从句，若关系词在修饰表示时间或地点的先行词的定语从句中充当主语、宾语等而不是状语时，需用which或that引导相应的定语从句。关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用，例如：IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstmetJennifer.BeijingistheplaceinwhichIwasborn.Isthisthereasonforwhichherefusedouroffer?三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句HeisthemanwhomItalkedthismorning.Thisisthefarmwhichheisworking.Shehaswrittenabook,thenamewhichIhaveforgotten.Therearefivecontinentsintheworld,thelargestwhichisAsia.toonofof介词的选择：1.取决于从句中谓语动词同介词的常规搭配；2.取决于先行词同介词的常规搭配；3.句意需要1.Winteristhetimeofyear_____thedaysareshortandnightsarelong.2.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces_______couldn’tbefound.3.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer_______thepapersarekept.4.Maythefourthistheday____whichweChinesepeoplewillneverforget.5.Heisamanofgreatexperience,_____whichmuchcanbelearned.6.Look!Theengineer_____myfatherwastalkingishisbestfriend.(when;which/that;where;on;from;withwhom)四、关系代词as的用法1.as多用于引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语、宾语，as为“正如，正像”之意；并且从句中多为see,know,expect,say,expect,think,suppose等动词Smoking,asweknow,isharmfultoone'shealth.Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.由as,which引导的非限制性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，例如：但要注意，as引导的非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。2.as的用法thesame…as;such…as中的as是一种固定结构,意为“和……一样……”IstudiedinthesameschoolasshedidinBeijing.Weshouldhavesuchadictionaryashehas.