Americanfastfoodculture----TakeMcDonald'sasanexample(美国的饮食文化---以麦当劳为例)TheUnitedStatesisalandofimmigrantsmainlyfromEuropeandAfricaafterthediscoveryofthenewworld,indealingwiththeissueofreunificationandconstitutionalpolitics,economyandscienceandtechnologyhadbeenrapidlydeveloped.Atthattime,duetotheU.S.economicrecoveryafterworldwarii,Americanindustrialcivilizationandthepaceofglobalexpansionaccelerated.Intheera,peopleweretoobusytotravelandcreatewealth.Withthefasterandfasterpaceoflifeandlifestylechanges,theyneedtoeatmoreandmoresimplyandquickly,advocatingspeedandefficiency,andallthesepromotedthedevelopmentofthecateringindustry.(译文:美国是一个发现新大陆后欧非为主的移民国家,在解决了南北统一和宪法政治问题以后,经济和和科技得到了迅速的发展。当时,由于二战后美国经济复苏,美国工业文明和全球扩张步伐加快。那个时代,人们忙于创造财富而奔波,生活节奏越来越快,生活方式发生改变,对吃的要求越来越简单快速,崇尚速度和效率,从而推动了餐饮业的发展。Inordertoadapttotheacceleratingrhythmoflifeandthechangesofdietconceptanddemand,anewfastfoodwaspromotedandoccupiedthecateringmarketrapidly,andMcDonald'swasbelievedtoleadtothefastfood’svigorousdevelopment.(为适应生活节奏的加快以及人们饮食观念与需求的改变,一种新的快餐模式迅速推广并占领餐饮市场,当初真正带动快餐业蓬勃发展的还是公认的麦当劳。)In1955,amannamedRaymondKrocenteredapartnershipwithtwobrothersnamedMcDonald.TheyopenedapopularrestaurantinCaliforniawhichsoldfoodthatwaseasytoprepareandservequickly.Hamburgers,Frenchfriesandcolddrinkswerethemainfoodthere.Krocopenedsimilareatingplacesunderthesamename,McDonald's,andtheywereaninstantsuccess.Helatertookoverthecompany,andtodayitisoneofthemostfamousandsuccessfulfast-foodrestaurantsinAmericaandtheworld.McDonald’stodayserves38millioncustomerseachday,20millionofthemintheUSA.It’sabout23,000restaurantsinmorethan100countriesaroundtheword.It’soneoftheworld’sgreatentrepreneurialorganizations,withmostrestaurantsworldwiderunbyafranchiseeoraffiliatepartnerofcompany.(译文:1955年,一位名为雷蒙德·克劳克的人与两位名为麦当劳的兄弟合伙,在加州开了一家颇受欢迎的小餐馆,销售制作方便服务快捷的食物。那里的主打食品是汉堡、炸薯条和冷饮。克劳克用同样的名字—一麦当劳开了几家类似的餐厅,迅速搜索获得了成功。后来他接管了这个公司,今天它成为美国和世界最有名、最成功的“快餐”厅之一。如今的麦当劳每天却有3800万顾客,其中2000万在美国。麦当劳在全世界100多个国家约有2.3万家分店。它是世界上大型企业之一,其大多数国外分店都是由公司特许联营者或下属合作伙伴所经营。Whywashisideasosuccessful?Probablythemostimportantreasonwasthathistimingwasright.Inthe1950s,mostmarriedwomenstayedhometokeephouseandtakecareoftheirchildren.Inthe1960s,manywomenreturnedtotheworkplaces.Thismeantthattheyhadlesstimeandenergyforhouseworkandpreparationofmeals,sotheydependedmoreonTVdinnersandfast-foodrestaurants.Singleparentsalsohadlittletimetospendinthekitchen.Peoplelivingalonealsodependedonthistypeoffood,sincecookingforonewasoftenmoretroublethanitwasworth.他的想法为什么会如此成功呢?也许最重要的原因是因为他时机正好。20世纪50年代,大多数已婚妇女呆在家里做家务、照顾孩子。而在60年代,许多妇女回去工作。这就意味着她们做家务、准备食物的时间、精力减少了,因此她们更多地依赖于“电视晚餐”和快餐店。单亲家庭中父母也很少有时间花在厨房里。独自居住的人也依赖于这种食物,因为一个人做饭经常太麻烦,不值当费那功夫)Inmyopinion,althoughtheAmericanfastfoodculturerepresentedbyMcDonald'shasbecomehugelypopulararoundtheworld,italsomadepeople'slifegreatlyconvenient,butthenegativeinfluenceitbroughtincausesmoreandmoreattentionofAmericansociety.Fastfoodcontainsalotoftrans-fattyacids,adiseasehazardtohumanheart.Becausepeopleeattoomuchfastfood,leadingtomoreandmoreobesepatientsintheUnitedStates,hasbecomethesecondleadingcauseofdiseasesaftersmokinginAmerica.Inaddition,mostofthefastfoodmarketaimsatchildren,thereisanupwardtrendinthenumberofobesechildren(译文:虽然以“麦当劳”为代表的美国快餐文化已经风靡全球,它的出现也极大地方便了人们的生活。但它们所带来的负面影响越来越引起美国社会的广泛关注。快餐食品含有大量的转脂肪酸,对人的心脏构成疾病隐患。由于人们贪吃快餐,美国肥胖症患者越来越多,已成为美国社会继吸烟之后,容易引发疾病的第二大原因。此外,大部分快餐业都把市场对准孩子,肥胖症儿童的数量呈逐年上升的趋势)Anyway,althoughthedeliciousfastfoodhavegreatattractionforus,butwecannotbringthemselvestoreplacestaplefood.Insteadofchoosingdelicious,wemightaswellchooseagreenandhealthywayoflife,areasonablediet,andcannotbetooaddictedtofastfoodculture.(译文:总之,尽管美味的快餐对于我们来说有极大的吸引力,但是我们不可以将他们代替主食,与其选择美味,我们不如选择一种健康、绿色的生活方式,合理膳食,不可以过度沉溺于快餐文化中。)