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15420068JOURNALOFKANGDINGNATIONALITYVol115No14Aug12006TEACHERSCOLLEGE=结构歧义是指某一结构由于其中各词之间的关系不同而产生的歧义本文着重分析英语句子结构歧义并讨论排除歧义的方法=歧义;结构歧义;排除歧义=G424.1=A=100825076(2006)0420086204:曾丽,内江师范学院外语系教师,(四川内江,邮编:641112),,,,6:(一)修饰关系不明引起的歧义,1.,,:(1)Thebookhewasreadingquicklyboredhim.:(1)a.Hewasboredbythebookhewasread2ingquickly.()(1)b.Thebookhewasreadingboredhimquickly.(),quickly(wasreading)(1a),(bored)(1b):a[SPO][SPA]b[SPOA][SP]2..:(2)HehadsomeFrenchonionsoup.:(2)a..(somesoupmadefromFrenchonions)(:some[Frenchonion]soup)(2)b.().(someFrenchsoupmadefromonions)(:some[French[onionsoup]])(2)c..(someonionsoupmadeintheFrenchmanner)(:some[French[onionsoup]]),(soup)(some)(Frenchonion),(French86)(onion),Frenchonion((2)a),onionsoup((2)b),onionsoup((2)c).3.介词短语的修饰关系不明:(3)Religiousfaithwithoutdoubtisacomforttomanypeople.:(3)a.Itisacomforttomanypeopletokeepreligiousfaithwithoutdoub.t()(3)b.Itwithoutdoubtisacomforttomanypeopletokeepreligiousfaith.(),withoutdoubtfaith((3)a),is((3)b):a[SPCA][MHM][MH][Pmh][pH]b[SAPCA][MH][pH][MH][PmH](二)由于句子成分引起的歧义,4:1.?:(4)Themanstudythewholeyear.:(4)a.(4)b.(),thewholeyear(study),SVO((4)a);for,,SV(A)((4)b)2.?,,:(5)Nadiagavethecatfood.:(5)a.(Rosegavetheshampoo,)andNad-iagavethecatfood.5b.(Rosegavethedogwater,)andNadiagavethecatfood.,cat,food((5)a);,food((5)b)3.?,.:(6)Thesubstance,discoveredalmostbyacci2den,thasrevolutionizedmedicine.:(6)a.Thesubstance,whichwasdiscoveredalmostbyacciden,thasrevolutionizedmedicine.(6)b.Discoveredalmostbyacciden,tthesubstancehasrevolutionizedmedicine.,discoveredalmostbyaccident((6)a),((6)b).4.?,():(7)Themagicianmadetheprinceafrog.:(7)a.(7)b.:7a.theprince,afrog,SVO2iOd;7b.theprince,afrogSVOC(三)由并列结构引起的歧义,,:(8)Thateveningwestayedindoors,readingandalsowritingletters.:(8)a.,8720064曾丽:英语句子结构歧义及其排除方法分析(Thatevening,westayedindoors,readingandalsowritingletters.)(8)b.,(Thatevening,westayedindoors,readinglet2tersandwritingletters.),andreadingwriting((8)a),((8)b):a.[ASPAA]3[P]+[PO]4b.[ASPAA][3P+P4O](9)Hespecializesinsellingoldandvaluablebooks.:(9)a.(9)b.,Oldandvaluablebooks,:(9)a.bookswhichareoldandvaluable(),(9)b.oldbooksandvaluablebooks(),;(四)由从属结构引起的歧义,,,:(10)Thephysicianaskedtobetelephonedifthepatientwasincoma.:(10)a.(Thephysicianaskedtobetelephonedwhetherthepatientwasincoma.)(10)b.(Thephysicianaskedtobetelephonedwhenthepatientwasincoma.),(10)aif,;(10)bif.(11)ItfrightenedthechildthatJanewantedtovisitthelab.:(11)a.,(11)b.,(11)a,that,,it;(11)b,that,,thechild(五)否定范围不清引起的歧义,,,:(12)Marydidnptsingasshewished.:(12)a.(),(12)b.,(),not(sing)((12)a),(asshewished)((12)b)(13)Themeetingwasnotcalledduetotheairlinestrike.:(13)a.,(13)b.(),not(call)((13)a),(duetotheairlinestrike)((13)b)(六)省略不当引起的歧义,,,:(14)IknowSimonbetterthanyou.(14)a.IknowSimonbetterthanyoudo.(=thanyouknowSimon)(14)b.IknowSimonbetterthanIknowyou.8815420068,youknow((14)a),know((14)b)(15)Hesaidyesterdayhehadfinishedthework..(15)a.Hesaidthatyesterdayhehadfinishedthework.(15)b.hesaidyesterdaythathehadfinishedthework.,that,yesterdayhadfinished((15)a),said((15)b)(一)改变词序,,,1quickly(1b),,(6)(6b),(8)readingwritingletters,/Thateveningwestayindoors,writinglettersandalsoreading.0(12)/AsMarywished,shedidnptsing.0(13)/Duetotheairlinestrike,themeetingwasnotcalled.0(二)改变词语,(10)/if0/whether0((10)a)/when0((10)b),(11)/ItfrightenedthechildwhomJanewantedtovisitthelab.0(三)变换句式,(1)(1)a,(2)(2)a,(2)b(2)c(),(3)(3)a(3)b,(6)(6)a,(7)/Themagicianmadeafrogfortheprince.0((7)a),(9)/Hespe2cializesinsellingbookswhichareoldandvalua2ble.0((9)a)(四)成分补充,((14),(15)),,(8)(8)b,(9)(9)b,(4)/Themanstudyforthewholeyear.0(五)设置具体语境,,5(5)a(5)b,,[1]傅友相.英语句法歧义[J]:四川外语学院学报,2002年[2]林宏志.论英语句子结构歧义及其排除方法[J]:外语与外语教学,2001年[3]邱述德.英语歧义[M]北京:商务印书馆,1998年[4]伍谦光.语义学导论[M]湖南:湖南教育出版社,1988年[5]章振邦.新编英语语法教程[M]上海:上海外语教育出版社,2003年[:]8920064曾丽:英语句子结构歧义及其排除方法分析