1名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。一.引导名词性从句的连接词1、连接代词:who,whose,whom,what,which。有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词:when,where,why,how。有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。3、连接词:that,whether,if,asif。that无词义,在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略;if(whether),asif虽有词义,但在从句中不担任成分。注意:连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句,因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分,连接词whether和if(是否),asif(好象)在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。根据句义,如果连接代词与连接副词,whether、if和asif都用不上时,才用that作连接词(that本身无任何含义)。二.名词性从句的分类如下(一)主语从句主语从句的句型.引导词有疑问词wh-及whether/if及that.1、主语从句在复合句作主语。疑问词引导e.g.Whowillgoisnotimportant.2、用it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末。3、If/whether引导e.g.Itdoesn’tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.4.It+be+adj(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,likely,certain,probable,etc)/名词词组(nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,etc)+that从句e.g.It’scertainthatshewilldowellintheexam/It’snosurprisethatourteamhaswonthegame.5.It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,etc)+that从句e.g.It’ssaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.Note:that引导主语从句时,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略,但that从句置于开头时不能省略。e.g.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.(二)表语从句表语从句的句型及要点。引导词疑问词wh-及whether及that.1、表语从句在复合句中作表语,位于系动词之后。疑问词引导的:e.g.Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.2Note:引导表语从句的连接词that一般不可省去。e.g.Myideaisthatwecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.连接词that一般不能省略,但当主句中含动词do的某种形式时,that可以省略。如:WhatIwanttodois(that)Icangouptohimandthankhim.我想做的事是走到身边去感谢他(三)宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导词有疑问词wh-及whether、if(if和whether有区别)及that.引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。e.g.Ihope(that)everythingisallright.Note:以下情况that不可省略:(不考查)1.当宾语从句的主语是that时。2.2.当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时FatherpromisedthatIstudiedharderhewouldtakemetoBeijing.3.当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时,除第一个从句中的that可以省略外,其余从句中的that都不可以省略。4当that偶尔作except和in的宾语时。Thisbookisunsatisfactoryinthatitlacksagoodindex.中,thatitlacksagoodindex就是介词in的宾语从句,这当中的that就不能省略。(四)同位语从句。引导词wh-及whether及that.同位语从句引导词有疑问词wh-及whether及that.同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词(如:news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise等)之后,说明该名词的具体内容。e.g.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.名词性从句易混知识归纳易混点一:同位语从句与定语从句的区别that引导的从句,是定语从句还是同位语从句,我们我们采用“试加法”,来判断。Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.Thisisthefactthatyoumustknowclearly.1.when、where、why引导的从句引导定语从句时,其意义与先行词有关,与先行词的意义基本相同,没有疑问意义;但引导同位语从句时,其意义完全与疑问词相同,即when表示什么时候,where表示哪儿,引导两种从句时,都在从句中做状语。如:3IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.句中的when相当于“ontheday”它没有疑问词“什么时候”的意义,因此是定语从句。Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.when与idea毫无意义上的关联,其意思是“什么时候”,因而是同位语从句。易混点二:reason后面的名词性从句reason做主语时,后面的表语从句表示原因是要用that引导,一般不用because或why,而用it,this或that做主语时,后面的表语从句可用because或why引导。1.“Thereason+连系动词+that“引导的表语从句。本句型的意思是:理由是:。。。。。。Thereasonwasthathefellill.2.It(或This、That)+连系动词+thereason+why引导的定语从句。本句型意为:这就是。。。。。。的原因(理由)Thatisthereasonwhyhefailedinthecontest,3.It(或This、That)+连系动词+thereason+because引导的表语从句。本句型意为:这是因为。。。。。。;这是由于。。。。。。的缘故。Thatwasbecausehefellill.4.It(或This、That)+连系动词+why引导的表语从句。本句型意为:这就是。。。。。。的原因。Thatwaswhyhefellill.易混点三:what、whatever、who、whoever等引导的名词性从句我们可以通过与定语从句的转化知道两组在意义上的差别。Whatever=anythingthat(无论什么)Whoever=anyonewho(无论谁)Whenever=anytime=nomatterwhen(无论何时)Wherever=anyplace=nomatterwhere(无论何地)这都是泛指。而what、who、when、where则是特指。如:WhospokeatthemeetingisunknownThepersonthatspokeatthemeetingisunknown.Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.Anyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.注意:1.whatever、whoever、whenever、wherever等常引导主语从句、宾语或表语从句,也可以引导状语从句,等于“nomatter+疑问词”。而nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。4Eg:WhateverIsaid/NomatterwhatIsaid,hewouldn’tlistentome..2whoever的宾格还是whoever,一般不用whomever。易混点whether与if(不做考查)二者都可以作“是否”讲,能引导名词性从句,都不能省略。1.在及物动词后引导宾语从句时可以互换;注意:在某些动词后(如:discuss)只能接whether,不能跟if。如:Wediscussedwhetherweshouldclosetheshop.2.引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时都用whether,不用if。如:Thequestionwhetherheshouldcomehimselforsendanothermanhasn’tbeendecided.Whetherhewillwinisallthesametome.Thequestioniswhetheryoucangothereyourself.但如果主语从句是有It用作形式主语,if和whether都可以Itisunknownwhether\ifsheisill.3宾语从句中,如果whether后紧跟ornot,不用换做if;若whether与ornot分开使用,则可以换作if。如:Iwonderwhetherornothehasarrivedatthedestination.Idon’tknowwhether\ifIcancomeornot.4.若宾语从句为否定结构,则多用if,而不用whether。如:Idon’tcareifhedoesn’tshowup.(炫耀)5.在介词后引导宾语从句或与带to的动词不定式结合而构成不定式的复合结构时,只能用whether,而不用if。如:Ihaven’tsettledthequestionofwhetherIwillgobackhome.Shedoesn’tknowwhethertogetmarriednoworwait.练习:名词性从句1.Doyousee_____Imean?2.Tellme_____isonyourmind.3.Wemuststickto_____wehaveagreedon.4.Letmesee_____Icanrepairtheradioornot.5.Keepinmind_____theteachersaid6.Couldyouadviseme_____bookIshouldreadfirst?57.Hewascriticizedfor_____hehaddone.8.Wouldyoukindlytellme_____IcangettotheBeijingRailwayStation?9.Mrs.Smithwasverymuchimpressedby_____shehadseeninChina.10.Wetookitforgranted___theywerenotcoming.11.Ireallydon'tknow_____Ishoulddonext.12.I'mafraid_____thelittlegirlwillhavetobeoperatedon.13.Shewalkedupto_____Istood.14.Canyoutellme_____thatgentlemanis?15.We'llgiveyou_____youneed.16.Theywantustoknow_____theycandotohelpus.17.Wemustput_____wehavelearnedintopractice.18.Didshesayanythingabout_____theworkwastobedoneyesterday?19.Hewasneversatisfiedwith_____shehadachievedinherwork.20.Thesephotographswillshowyou_____ourvillagelookslike.21.Pete