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Grammarsentences句子成份★句子一般由两个部分组成：主语部分（subjectgroup）谓语部分（predicategroup）★句子成份：主·谓·宾·表补定·状·Membersofsentence:S---subjectP---predicativeO---objectAttri.---attributeAdv.---adverbOc---objectcomplement主·宾·表补定·状·1)主语（subject）Ilikefootball.Theboyneedsapen.句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由担任,常置于句首。2)谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作或状态。由担任。常置于主语后。Thetrainleavesat6o’clock.Iwantaticket.,动词不定式,动名词或从句名词,主格代词动词(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.(二).选出句中谓语的中心词①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendforD.doctor⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.book3)宾语（object）Hewonthegame.Onthedesk表示vt.的动作对象或prep.所联系的对象。由n.或相当于n.的词担任。置于vt.或prep.后。Tomelosthislifeinthebigfire.•(四)挑出下列句中的宾语•①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.•②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.•③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.•④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?•⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?4)表语（predicative）用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。由n.或adj.担任。置于系动词之后。Heisastudent.除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词:2)表转变变化的动词:3)表延续的动词feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等。become,get,grow,turn,go,等remain,keep,hold,stay,rest等。(三)挑出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.5)宾补（objectivecomplement）补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。Theymadehimking.‹›Iconsiderthebooktooexpensive.‹›高考常考的宾补通常是考：使役动词感官动词后边跟复合宾语四周都很黑，但我能看见一个人躺在地板上，被绳子捆着。句中的lyingonthefloor为现在分词，作宾语补足语.使役动词let;make;have及感官动词hear;see;notice;feel;watch;observe;find等后面可接动词原形;现在分词及过去分词，考试一般考查宾补用do/doing/done的哪种形式。+动词原形强调动词与宾语之间存在主动关系及动作的全过程;+现在分词强调动作与宾语之间存在主动关系,及动作正在进行;+过去分词强调动作与宾语之间存在被动关系,及动作已经完成.如:1.Imustseemychildcrossthestreet.（cross与宾语mychild之间存在主动关系；且看到了cross的全过程）2.Isawthethiefstealinghermoney.(stealing与宾语thethief之间存在主动关系；且与saw同时发生。）3.Youwillseemanyproblemssettledinthisway.(settled与宾语manyproblems之间存在被动关系,且发生在see之前）1．Theteachermadetheboystandingforawholeclassasapunishment.2.Theysawayoungmanentertheoldbuilding.3.Hesawanoldmanknockedbyabigtruckyesterday.4.Wehadbuiltandlettheraftsaildowntheriver5.ButIcouldseeamanlyingonthefloor,tiedupwithrope.6.Andwefoundthemen’sboattiedtotheothersideofthesteamboat.找出句中的宾补：附属成分基本成分的修饰语。可以是：•定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句•状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。定语PoorJohntotteredtowardahospitalnearby．ShelikesorangesimportedfromtheUSA.JohngaveMarymanybooks，whicharefullofillustrations．Haveyouseenthebookonthedesk?Theboyplayingoverthereismybrother.Peopletherelikesports.说明1：当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing,anything,everything,something等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语我告诉他一些有趣的事情。Itellhimsomethinginteresting.说明2：不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。这间屋子里的男孩子们是10班的。TheboysintheroomareinClassTen.(六)挑出下列句中的定语①TheyuseMr.,Mrs.withthefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.7)状语（adverbial）用以修饰adj./v./adv.及全句,位置灵活。通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。Iamverysorry.Weoftenhelphim.WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.（从句作时间状语)Johnoftencametochatwithme．Johnlikesorangesverymuch．Wheneverhegetsdrunk，JohnmakesMaryveryangry．Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.Ashewasill,hedidn’tcometoclassyesterday.Sheissittingatthedesk,doingherhomework.Myfatherworkedinthisschooltenyearsago.You’dbetterstayhere.状语•(七)挑出下列句中的状语•①Therewasabigsmileonherface.•②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.•③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.•④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.•⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.句子类型简单句并列句复合句简单句只有一个限定动词（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。主要起下列四种作用中的一种。•作一种陈述•提出一个问题•发出一种命令或请求•表示一种感叹Examples:Theboyhitthedog./Thedogbittheboy.Thegirlreadthebooks./Thebookspleasedthegirl.Stephenapologizedatonce.Doestheshopcloseat7tonight?Shutthedoor.Whataslowtrainthisis!［句型归纳］简单句共有以下五种基本句型：句型例句主语+系动词+表语Thechildseemshealthy.主语+不及物动词Westudyhard.主语+及物动词+宾语Tomlovessports.主语+及物动词+间接宾语＋直接宾语Myfatherboughtmeabike.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语Hepaintedthewallwhite.S(主语）+V（系动词）+P(表语）主系表结构用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语。［典型例句］(1)Heisaboy.(2)Youlookinterestedinthestory.(3)Theweatherbecamewarmer.(4)Heisnotin.(5)Aparkliesnearourschool.(6)Pleasekeepquiet.(7)ThereasonformyfailurewasthatIhadn’tputmyheartintomystud